缺氧及血管周围神经改变对心脑血管的影响

血管功能失调是心脑血管病变发病的主要原因，缺氧时血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞通过多种方式迅速反应，包括急性反应和基因水平的改变，进而引起血管扩张或收缩。动脉血氧含量降低通过刺激颈动脉体化学感受器并激活交感神经系统，也能即刻诱发血管功能改变。血红素氧化酶和低氧诱导因子则在缺氧对血管壁的长期效应中发挥主要作用。该文还综述了长期神经刺激促发血管内皮损伤、促进外膜成纤维细胞及中膜平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移以及脑血管内皮细胞所参与的神经系统疾病。

Effects of Hypoxia and Periarterial Nerve Change on Cardiocerebrovascular System

Vascular dysfunction is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells when exposed to the hypoxia can quickly produce several types of responses including acute reaction and gene level alteration,and ultimately resulting in a vasoconstriction or vasodilation. The reduction of oxygen content in arterial blood also immediately stimulates carotid body chemoreceptor, and then activates the sympathetic nerves,which induces an acute change of vascular function. Heme oxygenases and hypoxia-inducible factor play a vital role in the long term effect of vessel walls during hypoxia. This article also introduces that long term nerve stimulation can promote not only the vascular endothelial injury but also the proliferation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts and medial smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we focus on the central nervous system diseases involved in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.