清末国民性批判思潮中的日本影响

"国民性批判"是"五四"前后中国文学的重要主题之一,它发端于晚清,是当时改良派发起的启蒙新民运动的重要组成部分。从"国民"一词的来历,梁启超、邹容等人的经历和日译本《支那人气质》的流行来看,中国国民性批判思潮的产生与日本的明六社、政教社思想的影响密切相关。但中日两国的国情不同,所面临的问题不同,因而各自的国民性批判的侧重点也有很大的不同。日本重在批判伪恶丑,而中国则重在批判"奴隶根性"。前者把保持民族独特性看作是一个文化问题,后者则把塑造独立品格看作是解除民族危亡的根本出路,即是个政治问题。这就决定了各自不同的基本内涵和历史走向。

Late Qing's Critical Thinking on Nationality

"Criticism of nationality" is one of the main themes around the May 4 Movement.It starts from the late Qing Dynasty,and is an essential part of the Enlightenment Movement of New Nationalilty initiated by the evolutionalists.The origin of the term Nation,the experiences of the evolutionalists LIANG Qi-chao and ZOU Rong,and the Japanese version of Asian Disposition indicate that it has an immediate relationship with the relevant ideological influences from Japan.However,the focus of the nationality criticism in China and Japan has a big difference owing to their alternative national conditions and problems with which they are confronted.The Japanese treat nationality as a national uniqueness,which is a cultural matter;whereas the Chinese see it a way out of the national crisis,and it is therefore a political issue.Each determines its due essence and historical trend.