内战前西班牙华侨的生存困境——以1923年至1936年的华侨行商为例

20世纪二三十年代,出现了华侨移居西班牙的小高峰,这一时期的旅西华侨多以行商为业。他们走街串巷,贩卖项链等小商品,被当地人称为"卖项链的中国人"。通过对当时西班牙的官方数据和本地报刊的解读可知,旅西华侨以男性为主,女性及儿童人数较少。华侨行商普遍西语水平不高,生活较为清苦。虽然他们所出售的商品受下层民众的欢迎,但行商却受到主流社会的敌视与排斥,他们被商店经营者视为不正当的竞争者,被当局政府视为扰乱秩序者,被当地民众视为入侵者。这一切反映了早期旅西华侨谋生的艰难。

Dilemma of Overseas Chinese in Spain before Spanish Civil War:Chinese Peddlers between 1923 and 1936

During the 1920 s and 1930 s, the first wave of Chinese immigration arrived in Spain. Most Chinese people in Spain during this period were peddlers. They offered a varied assortment of small goods, such as necklaces, in the streets, and were called by the locals "Chinese necklaces peddlers". Based on the study of the Spanish official data and local press, this article reveals that the majority of Chinese people in Spain were men, with only a few women and children. Most Chinese peddlers did not speak Spanish well and lived in misery. Although their goods were popular among the lower classes, these peddlers were excluded by the mainstream society. They were accused of creating illegal competition, disrupting the public order and invading the Spanish cities. All these reflected the hardships of the overseas Chinese while making a living in Spain.