大数据时代公共数据的公用性实现机制研究

公共数据作为一种公共信息资源,不仅包含政府以及公共部门在履行公共管理职能和服务职能的过程中所掌握的数据,还包括与公共机关履职和服务相关的、具有重大公共利益关切,但由外部机构掌握的数据。公共数据具有公用物的属性,因此围绕公共数据公用性实现的机制建设应当以公众的使用权构建与公共目的性维持与监督机制展开。公众使用权通过使用的类型化,分为自由使用、许可使用和特许使用。公共目的性的维持机制主要通过从公共数据收集到法律责任承担等一系列制度展开。

A Study on the Realization of Public Data Commonality Mechanism in the Big Data Era

As one kind of public information resources,public data includes not only the data held by the government and public departments,which comes from the process of performing management and service,but also includes data with major public interests held by agencies that are related to the performance and service of public agencies.Public data has the attributes of res communes,so the mechanism of publicity of public data should be carried out with rights of public utilization,as well as the maintenance and supervision mechanism of public purpose.Rights of public utilization are classified into free use,licensed use and franchised use.The maintenance mechanism of public purpose is mainly carried out through a series of institutions from collection to legal responsibility.