水平基因转移与物种演化

遗传学、基因组学和生物信息学业已证明，由病毒、类病毒、质粒等介导的细胞、个体和物种之间的水平基因转移广泛地存在于细菌、古生菌和真核生物中，水平基因转移可能造成同一生境中物种分化的抑制，种群的快速协同进化，不同物种的趋同进化、返祖遗传、获得性状(基因)遗传和家族成员的性状趋同等。因此，水平基因转移是物种进化的一个重要驱动力。

Species Evolution by Horizontal Gene Transfer

Genetics, genome and bioinformatics have proved that DNA in life-body comes not only from parental generation, but also transmits gene from one cell to another. By virus, viroid, plasmid, etc., namely, except for the main source of parental generation, DNA in life-body can also be offered by the body of non-parental generation. It has been proved that the Horizontal Gene Transfer between virus, viroid, plasmid and species is widely present in bacterium, archaes and eukaryote. DNA provided by parental generation and non-parental generation make contribution to evolution. HGT may result in the restraint of species split in the same habitat, the rapid cooperative evolution of the species, convergence evolution of different species, throwback inheritance, acquired character inheritance and character convergence of family members, etc. Therefore, HGT is an important force of species evolution.