形式主义的“语言学转向”与技术自律

形式主义将文学研究科学化为语言形式,并将其研究对象确立为具有本体论特征的文学性。这种"语言学转向"对现代及后现代文学理论和文化实践具有深远影响。它不仅使人们更加自觉地研究文学中的形式结构,而且,它本身也构成了意识形态的同谋者。在文学研究"向内转"的旗帜下,形式主义将文学研究的目标定为发掘意义得以生成的形式和机制。以此为基础,形式主义不仅实现了"语言学转向",而且在完成了文学形式自律的同时,迈向了技术自律。

"Linguistic Turn"and the Autonomy of Technique in Formalism

Formalism makes literary research into a science of linguistic form and its object of study is "literariness" which has an ontological feature.This "linguistic turn" in formalism has a deep influence on modern and post-modern literary theory and cultural practice.It not only leads people to study the linguistic form and structure in a more self-conscious way,but also makes itself into an accomplice of ideology.While focusing its attention on internal study,formalism tries to find the literary form and mechanism by which literary meaning is produced.In this way,formalism not only realizes "linguistic turn",but also the autonomy of form in literature and the autonomy of technique.