美国联邦政府资助和管理阿尔茨海默病研究项目的实践与启示

如何资助和管理面向科学前沿或国家需求的重大科研项目(包括选题、资助、绩效评价等方面),是我国当前面临的一个紧迫问题。文章以美国联邦政府组织开展阿尔茨海默病的研究为对象,经案例研究发现,美国形成了一套有效的重大科研项目资助与管理机制,主要包括组织动员、目标管理、绩效评估、预算听证4个方面,以此实现对重大科研项目的绩效管理,保证财政科技投入效能。文章探讨了美国在重大科研项目资助和管理上的实践与经验,并提出对我国的启示。

Practice and Implications of Funding and Management of Alzheimer's Disease Research Programs in the United States Federal Government

How to fund and manage major scientific projects of scientific frontier or national needs, including topic selection, funding programs, performance evaluation, etc., is an urgent problem facing in China. In this study, the federal government of the United States funding and organizing research on the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer''s disease was studied to reveal the key mechanisms behind its significant progress. It is found that the United States has formed a set of relatively mature and effective financial support mechanism in science and technology projects, including organization and mobilization, object management, performance evaluation, budget evaluation. This set of mechanism is the base for performance management of major scientific projects, and also the foundation of financial effectiveness. This research studied the practices and experiences of the United States. in funding and managing major scientific projects, and also raised important implication for China.