The growth and impact of teachers' unions in states without collective bargaining legislation

This paper examines teachers' union activity in large school districts in the eleven states without collective bargaining legislation. A supply and demand model of municipal labor markets was used to specify reduced form wage, employment, and expenditure equations. These equations were then estimated using ordinary least squares regression analysis to determine the impact of teachers' collective bargaining. The presence of a collective bargaining agreement had a statistically significant effect on wages and district expenditures. Average teachers' sa;ary in districts with collective bargaining agreement was 9.5% higher than average salary in districts without collective bargaining agreements. Similarly, average school district expenditure was 15.6% higher in districts with collective bargaining agreements.