“文化”概念的发生学研究——对非物质文化遗产保护工作中难题的再探讨

在当前非物质文化遗产保护工作中,我们看到以前被斥之为"迷信"的东西转身变为"文化"并受到国家自上而下的保护,其中产生这样一个逻辑问题,即"迷信"何以成为"文化"?回溯至现代中国早期,"新文化人"创出新/旧二元对立的认知范畴并赋予价值评判,认为"旧"需要被"新"革新或取代,并将旧的一部分称之为"迷信"。随着"新文化"概念的出现,广泛意义上的"传统文化"被"迷信"置换。近来,传统文化价值被重新提倡的同时,对传统文化的正名是滞后的。通过对"文化"概念的发生学研究,旨在理顺"迷信"与"文化"之间的历史关系,试图解决"迷信"何以成为"文化"这个认知困境。

A Study of the Concept of Culture from the Perspective of Generativism: A Restudy of the Difficult Problems in the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritages

In the present protection of intangible cultural heritages,the things previously regarded as superstitious have received protection from governments at all levels.Thus,a logical problem has occurred: how "superstition" has turned out to be "culture"? In the early modern China,the scholars of the New Culture Movement created the cognitive theory of the new-old opposite and concluded that the old would be replaced by the new,and,as a result,the "old" was classified into "superstition".Recently,when the value of traditional culture has received more attention,it is necessary to put right the wrong naming of the past.A study of the concept of culture from the perspective of generativism will help clarify the historical relations between "superstition" and "culture" and their process of transformation.