“竹林七贤”的身体文化透视

先秦两汉时期,由于儒家对身体的建构与改造,"身体"的审美主要呈现出伦理性特点,这种对身体的片面性认识极大地压抑了人的感性诉求。东汉中后期这种情况发生了变化,其高潮是魏正始年间"竹林七贤"的出现。他们重新发掘了身体的感性之美,从而以此来解除伦理理性对身体的压迫;同时,他们也承认理性的话语结构存在的合理性,因为审美中也包含理性的内涵。其具体表现为:从现实层面看,身体表达了对文化规训、政治威权的反抗;从文化层面看,七贤以"身体"为手段激烈地讽刺了当时虚伪的伦理道德,高扬了真善美的追求;从哲学层面看,身体表现出精神在形而下层面上的升华。由此,竹林七贤恢复了身体作为感性和理性结合体的本来面目。

The Perspective of Bodily Culture on "Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove"

Body aesthetics mainly shows the character of ethics from Pre-qin dynasties to Han dynasty because confucianists reconstruct and transform the means of body,a one-sided view of body which greatly represses perception of people.The situation doesn’t thoroughly change until ＂ Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove＂ appears.They develop the perceptual aesthetics,abolishing that racial people excessively constrain the desire of perception.However,they also admit the existence of reason,because the body includes the reason.the views above are concretely reflected in several aspects： firstly,the body is a symbol of resistance to culture discipline and political authority in level of reality;secondly,＂ Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove＂ fiercely satirizes false morals and praises virtue through the body in level of culture;thirdly,in level of philosophy,the body is considered as a spiritual sublimation in physical way.Therefore,＂ Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove＂ restores and represents the essential truth that people’s body is the combination between the sense and sensibility at last.