英汉问候语的文化语用阐释

问候语是人类交际中普遍使用的语言现象。这种看似简单、且已模式化了的言语交际形式富有深刻的社会文化内涵，具有历史文化特性。同时这种交际形式的特殊性在于，其字面意义远不及其表达的情感意义和社会规约意义重要。文章在回顾国内外对问候语的社会文化阐释的基础上，从共性角度，探讨了英汉问候语的当代变迁和问候语的语用功能，并在最后重点探讨问候语的礼貌等级及其制约因素的关系，认为人们使用不同礼貌等级的问候语是受到社会因素、环境因素以及交谈者的心理因素的制约。

Cultural-pragmatic Interpretations of Greetings in English and Chinese

Greeting is a common language phenomenon in human communication. Greetings, which are seemingly simple and modelled verbal forms, are filled with rich socio-cuhural implications, and are society-specific and history-specific ; the particularity of this kind of verbal forms lies in that the conventional and emotional meanings are more important than the literal meanings. This paper, based on the review of the socio-cultural interpretations of greetings home and abroad, explores the general characters of English and Chinese greetings, including the changes of greetings in contemporary society and the pragmatic functions of greetings. In the end, the paper focuses on the degrees of greetings and their constraining factors, finding that using greetings denoting various degrees of politeness is constrained by social, environmental and psychological factors.