明代书院讲会组织形式的新特色

讲会既是一种学术组织、学术团体,又是书院固有的学术讨论、会同讲学、学术聚会等会讲活动。从某种意义上讲,讲会和书院的关系是并行而又各自独立的。但实际上,由于“讲学”这一共同事业,“会讲”这一共用的讲学形式等原因,书院和讲会两者往往是连体共存,以“立书院,联讲会,相望于远近”为其生存状态。讲会和书院的结合,是王、湛及其后学寻求学术自由的明智选择,也寄托着社团书院的讲学精神,乃至政治意愿,理应引起人们的注意。区间轮会、州县府省各级联属大会是明代书院讲会最有特色的组织形式,正是在朝、在野王、湛弟子及其后学的讲会讲学,才鼓荡起明代近百年的心学思潮。

New Features of the Council Organization Form and Academy in Ming Dynasty

The Cauncil is both an academic organization body,and inherent speaking activities for academy like academic discussion,lecturings and academic gatherings.In a sense,the relationship between the council and the academy is parallel and separate.But in fact,because of the common cause of lecturings,speaking is a common lecturing form,and academies and councils exist together,which take setting up academies and linking councils as their operating way.The combination of councils and academies is a wise choice f...