学前儿童在家在园亲社会行为的比较观察研究

随机抽取中班、小班儿童各100名,由教师和家长分别对其进行2周的自然观察,并结合平常表现,对幼儿亲社会行为进行评定。统计分析表明:(1)无论小班还是中班,在家还是在园,女孩的亲社会行为大都要多于男孩,女孩在帮助、他尊指标上显著优于男孩。(2)各种类型亲社会行为之间均存在显著差异,幼儿合作、自尊行为发生率最高,其次是友谊、他尊、自控、分享,最少发生的是帮助、关心。(3)小班儿童在园的帮助、他尊行为显著多于中班儿童;中班儿童在家的分享行为明显多于小班儿童。

A Comparative Study of Preschool Children''''s Pro-social Behaviors at home and in Kindergarten

With 100 children of age 2 to 5 sampled at random,two weeks' natural observation is carried out by teachers and parents to assess children's pro-social behaviors along with their daily performance.The statistics show 1)that girls of the whole age range,whether at home or in kindergarten,turn out to have more pro-social behaviors than boys do,especially in index of help-offering and respect;2)that children have clear-cut preferences for pro-social behaviors with cooperation and self-respect on the top,followed by friendship,respect for fellows,self-control,share,and the lowest index of help and concern;and 3)that children of the 2 to 3 age class are inclined to help and respect their fellows more than those of the 4 to 5 age class who are more likely to share at home.