全球化、新国际劳动分工与全球城市的崛起

在全球化的背景下，世界经济的地域分布及其构成正在发生复杂而深刻的变化。特别是20世纪晚期，资本主义生产方式开始从福特主义向灵活积累转变。伴随这种转变而出现的“时空压缩”新体验，反映出资本对区位的选择更加敏感。新国际劳动分工本质上是跨国公司凭借资本优势将企业内部分工扩展到发展中国家的一种尝试，外国直接投资则是实现这一战略目标和生产布局的主要手段。上世纪80年代以后，外国直接投资主要流向服务业，金融业和高级生产者服务业也在世界主要城市趋于集中，“全球城市”（或称为“世界城市”）因此形成。在此过程中全球城市逐渐成为世界经济活动的主要单元，民族国家的力量则受到削弱，但两者之间错综复杂的关系并不像表面显示的那样简单，对此学界至今仍没有定论。

Globalization,New International Division of Labor and the Emergence of Global Cities

In an era of globalization,the distribution and composition of the world economy has witnessed profound changes.In particular,the later 20th Century witnessed a transition from Fordism to flexible accumulation.The new experience of time-space compression,appearing along with this transition,reflects a more sensitive orientation of capital.The new international division of labor is,by nature,an attempt of multi-national corporations to expand their internal division of labor to developing countries by virtue of their capital advantages, while foreign direct investment is a major means to realize this strategic goal and the allocation of production.Since the 1980s,foreign direct investment has largely concentrated on the service industry,while the financial industry and advanced producer services tend to converge in the world major cities,which has given rise to global cities(or called world cities).In this process,global cities have gradually become the dominating playing fields of the activities of the world economy,while the strengths of nation-states have been weakened.However,the complicated dynamics between the two is by no means as simple as it appears to be,leaving much to be explored.