新自由主义常识与全球性大学：高等教育中的知识商品化

知识是组织高等教育活动的基本材料和学术生活的基础。传统上作为公共产品的知识正在发生转向,其商品属性和交换价值趋于增强,成为兼具公共产品与私人产品性质的一种混合型产品。在高等教育领域,知识商品化具有多种表征形式,侵蚀了高等教育的公共性。本文结合哈贝马斯和布迪厄的理论框架,阐述了以下观点:知识的公共产品性质是高等教育的公益性、高校的公共形象和学术人的公共身份的基础,也是基础研究的核心价值观之一。坚持知识的公共产品性质,抵制知识商品化的消极影响,既是知识的内在要求也是高等教育的内在要求。

The Neoliberal Common Sense and Global Universities Knowledge Commodification in Higher Education

The notion of common sense has become an ideology that plays a major role in the process of constructing hegemony as moral and intellectual leadership in contemporary societies. Despite the fact that neoliberalism has utterly failed as a viable model of economic development, the politics of culture associated with neoliberalism is still in force and quite strong, becoming the new common sense in shaping modern concepts of the role of government and education. Neoliberal globalization, the most prominent model of globalization predicated on the dominance of the market over the state and on deregulatory models of governance, has deeply affected the university in the context of academic capitalism. The resulting reforms, rationalized as advancing international competitiveness, are also known as"competition-based reforms", and public universities have been particularly affected. The increasing penetration of market forces into higher education and the reorganization of university governance around"playing the game"of academic capitalism mark the influence of neolilDeral-ism on universities in four primary areas: efficiency and accountability, accreditation and universalization, international competitiveness, and privatization. By introducing managerialism as a new form of institutional governance, however, universities have deepened and magnified their crises. While these reforms are implemented and adopted, there is also growing resistance to globalization as top-down-imposed reforms through policies and priorities taking place in diverse domains. In many cases, neoliberal reforms have limited access and opportunity along class and racial lines, including limiting access to higher education through the imposition of higher tuition and reduced government support to institutions and individuals.