理想化模型与实际问题矛盾初探

理想模型作为理想化方法的基本类型，已在物理学研究中被广泛运用，作为从客观事物中抽象出来的，具有抽象、纯化的理想化模型在实际问题分析中，由于不注重理想模型的合理性、相对性和实际性而导致思维的困惑．通过具体实例进行理性分析，得知实际困惑来自缺少对理想模型的深刻认识，提出了运用模型必须考虑的几个原则．

On the Contradictions Between Ideal Models and Actual Problems

The ideal model as a basic type of ideal methods has been used widely in the field of physics. In the analysis of actual problems, the ideal model with Abstractness and purity, which is Abstracted from actual things, may led to confusion in thinking because of paying no attention to ideal model's reasonability, relativity and actuality. Through analyzing some specific examples, the author tries to make it known that actual confusion comes from lack of deep understanding of the ideal model, and suggests several principles of using the ideal model.