主体狂欢的现代启蒙言说——中国小说叙事模式转型语境中的《狂人日记》

狂欢节赋予生活本身一种特殊的游戏方式，它庆贺人对一切占统治地位的现有制度和等级关系的暂时取消。狂欢思维的基本特征是“对话”，它不仅指向他人，同时也指向自我。巴赫金的狂欢诗学以小说为研究对象，主人公与作者的“双主体性”，时空关系的相对性，杂语多声与未完成性是文体的显著特征。鲁迅《狂人臼记》的思想核心是对传统的颠覆和人的解放，小说同时表现出作者在历史转型时期的矛盾心理。厚重的主题和复杂的主体意识导致小说话语层面的狂欢化特征，并最终突破传统的叙事模式而完成现代转型。

A Madman's Diary in the Context of Transformation in the Narrative Mode of Chinese Novels

By providing life with a unique way of amusement, revelry aims to celebrate man＇ s temporary cancellation of the current dominating systems and the caste system. The thought of revelry is character- ized by ＂dialogues＂ which are not only concentrated on other persons but also on oneself. Bahkins＇ poetics on revelry, which takes novels as its object of study, is marked stylistically by ＂the dual subjects＂ , the relativity of tempospatial relationship, polyphony and incompleteness, etc. With its core thought being in the subversion of tradition and the emancipation of man, A Mandman＇ s Diary manages to exhibit Lu Xun＇ s mentality of contradiction in the period of historical transition, Thus, the profound motif and the complex consciousness of the subject have given rise to the revelry features of the novel in terms of discourse, thereby having completed the transition to modernity by breaking through the traditional mode of narration.