中国耕地多功能的区域收敛性

区域耕地多功能协调发展对国家经济持续增长和社会和谐稳定具有重要现实意义。本文通过构建耕地多功能评价指标体系,利用σ、β收敛法检验了中国及其东、中、西、东北四大区域2000—2015年耕地的基本生活保障、农业经济贡献和生态安全维持等三大功能的收敛性,阐明其主要影响因素并提出政策建议。结果表明：①中国及东、中、西、东北四大区域耕地多功能的空间异质性及波动特征显著。全国及各区域耕地三大功能均不存在σ收敛特征,各省份之间的耕地多功能水平差距有一定扩大趋势;②除东部地区耕地的农业经济贡献功能外,全国及东、中、西、东北地区的耕地多功能均存在显著的绝对β收敛特征,表明在假设其他条件相同的情况下,各区域耕地多功能基本具有趋同发展态势。③在加入森林覆盖率、土地利用强度、道路密度等控制变量后,中国及各区域耕地多功能基本呈现出显著的条件β收敛特征,表明生态状况、人类干扰程度以及区域综合发展等因素可共同驱动不同区域耕地多功能收敛于各自的发展稳态。④不同控制变量对不同区域的耕地多功能收敛性具有不同影响效用,须依据不同区域的现实情况,开展针对性调控。本文依据研究结论和实际发展情况,分别提出了全国及东、中、西、东北四大区域的耕地有效利用和经济协调发展的政策建议。研究成果可为耕地可持续利用和社会经济协调健康发展提供科学参考。

Regional convergence of cultivated land multifunctions in China

The coordinated development of regional cultivated land multifunctions is of great practical significance for the sustained economic growth, social harmony, and stability of the country. In this study, by constructing a multifunction evaluation index system of cultivated land, we tested the cultivated land functions of basic living guarantee, contribution to the agricultural economy, and ecological security maintenance in China and the east, central, west, and northeast regions from 2000 to 2015 by using σ, β convergence methods. The main influencing factors are expounded and several suggestions are put forward. The results show that: (1) The spatial heterogeneity and fluctuation of cultivated land in different regions of China were significant, and there is no σ convergence feature of the three major functions of cultivated land and the four regions; the gap of multifunction level of cultivated land among the provinces showed a certain expanding tendency. (2) Except for the agricultural economic contribution function of cultivated land in the eastern region, the multifunctions of cultivated land in the whole country and each region have the characteristic of absolute β convergence, which indicates that under the assumption of the other conditions being the same, the multifunctions of cultivated land in different regions show the characteristic of convergence. (3) After adding the control variables of forest coverage, land-use intensity, and road density, the multifunctions of cultivated land in various regions of China show the characteristic of conditional β convergence mostly, which shows that the overall ecological situation, the degree of human interference, and the status of regional development can drive the multifunctions of cultivated land in different regions to converge to their steady status. (4) Different variables have different effects on multifunctional convergence of cultivated land in different regions, so it is necessary to carry out targeted control strategy according to the actual situation of different regions. According to the research conclusion and the actual development situation, the article puts forward the policy recommendations of focusing on the effective utilization of cultivated land and the coordinated development of the society and economy in China and its eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions, respectively. The research results can provide some scientific reference for the sustainable use of cultivated land, and coordinated and healthy development of the society and economy.