体操运动员何可欣备战伦敦奥运会个性化体重干预研究

目的：本研究针对体操重点运动员何可欣冬训减控体重的阶段训练需求，通过不同训练方式的尝试，寻求符合个性化特点的减控重辅助手段，最终达到身体素质提高的有力方面大于体重增长带来的不利影响的目的。方法：围绕何可欣冬训三个阶段进行体重控制。第一阶段：正常专项训练外辅以最大脂肪氧化强度的有氧运动及针对性的力量训练，同时定期进行机能监测并适当补充运动补剂。第二阶段：以局部力量耐力循环训练为主进行辅助训练。第三阶段：采用太空舱运动跑台训练，进一步减小体脂百分率，控制肌肉的快速增长。三个阶段运动员均保持限制性饮食。结果：第一阶段经过膳食控制和有氧训练，何可欣体重、体脂肪率、脂肪重量均有所下降，基本达到了预期减重效果。第二阶段，经过春节假期，运动员体重、核心力量均出现一定增长，力量训练和饮食失控是运动员体重增长的主要原因。第三阶段，运动员肌肉总量、脂肪量均有一定的下降，但核心力量仍高于干预前，基本满足教练组的训练实践需求。结论：以限制性饮食和符合运动员个性要求的有氧运动和力量训练为干预手段，对生长发育期的体操运动员体重控制有一定的辅助作用；生长发育期的体操运动员，在关注体重控制的同时，应适度加强身体素质薄弱环节的训练，使身体素质的增强优于体重的增长；生长发育期的女性体操运动员的身体成分和肌肉力量水平对训练实践有着重要意义，其测试与评估体系有待进一步研究加强。

Analysis on Individualized Body Weight Inter-vention of Chinese Gymnast He Kexin in the Preparation for London Olympic Games

Purpose:This analysis is intended to seek individualized secondary weight control methods in consideration of the periodic training requirements of He Kexin. The combination of controlled diet with different training methods is adopted so as to keep her weight at a relatively stable level or lower her weight growth speed through-out the winter training period,and at the same time improve her physical fitness in response to specific gymnas-tic requirements. Method:He Kexin’s weight control during winter training is divided into three periods. Peri-od I:Providing specialized training plus aerobic training offering maximal fat oxidation and intensive strength training. Period II:Training dominated by local strength endurance circuit training. Period III:Training on capsule exercise treadmill is applied to further lower body fat percentage and control quick growth of muscles. The athlete had been on controlled diet throughout the three periods. Result:Through diet control and aerobic training in Period I,He Kexin’s body weight,body fat rate and fat weight were reduced to some extent. In Pe-riod II,the athlete’s weight and core strength saw certain growth after the Spring Festival holidays,and the weight increase was mainly attributed to strength training and uncontrolled diet in addition to natural growth as result of the athlete’s body development. In Period III,the athlete’s total muscle and fat mass had saw some decrease but her core strength was still higher than the level before the intervention. Conclusion:The interven-tion method of controlled diet plus individualized aerobic training and strength training can play some secondary role in controlling the weight of gymnastic athletes during the growth period. Gymnastic athletes during such pe-riod should,while paying attention to weight control,also strengthen the training of the weak parts of their bodies in order to ensure greater improvement of their physical qualities than their weight increase. The body composition and muscle strength level of female gymnastic athletes during the growth period are of great signifi-cance to training practice,so the corresponding testing and evaluation system should be further studied and im-proved.