生物被膜态金黄色葡萄球菌系统生物学研究进展

细菌生长有浮游和生物被膜两种模式.生物被膜态金黄色葡萄球菌是医学和食品安全研究领域内最重要的研究对象之一,也是生物被膜研究领域中研究最为透彻的细菌之一.本文综述了国内外该菌生物被膜系统生物学研究,即转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学的最新研究报道,并展望了该领域未采研究的发展方向.     

面向水环境监测的生物传感器研究

生物传感器利用生物分子之间的特异性识别作用,实现对生物、化学靶标的检测,在许多领域具有重要的应用价值。文章面向水环境监测需求,调研总结了生物传感器的研究与发展,主要阐述了酶、免疫、DNA、组织、微生物等生物传感器及其在水环境监测领域的应用研究。     

纳米生物效应研究进展

纳米生物效应是将纳米技术与生物、化学、物理、毒理学与医学等领域的实验技术结合起来,研究纳米尺度物质与生命过程相互作用及其结果的一个新兴科学领域。本文介绍了纳米生物效应研究的科学意义,国际发展现状和趋势,我国的研究进展,最后对我国如何发展纳米生物环境效应与安全性的研究提出了几点建议。     

生物柴油领域专利信息分析

生物柴油是生物液体燃料的其中之一,作为清洁的可替代化石燃料的能源,已成为世界各国关注的重点,具有重要的开发意义,同时在改善环境及能源问题上具有战略意义。本文从专利的角度,运用计量分析结合可视化工具对生物柴油领域进行分析,旨在从生物柴油领域专利申请趋势分析、专利申请地域分析、竞争力分析、研发热点分析、核心专利分析方面对生物柴油领域进行剖析,为该领域相关研究提供一定参考。     

生物样本：生物多样性研究与保护的重要支撑

生物标本是生物学研究领域的重要素材,是不可再生的战略生物资源。中国科学院生物标本馆是中国生物标本资源保藏、研究和科学教育的中心,在中国生物多样性研究与保护中具有不可替代的重要作用。生物标本能够提供物种、空间和时间3个维度的重要信息,有巨大潜力服务于生物多样性的研究与保护。通过对这些信息的挖掘、利用,可有效支撑生物多样性相关领域的研究,包括物种认知、生物多样性编目、濒危物种保护与管理、外来生物入侵防治、生物多样性监测,以及物种分布格局与生物多样性变化等。未来对标本资源的建设和管理需要致力于更加全面地收集和保藏,加强深层次信息的获取和数据整合平台的建设,才能更好地为我国生态文明建设和生物多样性保护贡献力量。     

土壤微生物生物地理学研究现状与发展态势

土壤微生物生物地理学是研究土壤中微生物空间分布格局及其随时间变化的一门科学。开展土壤微生物生物地理学研究有助于深入挖掘土壤中的未知生物资源,深刻理解土壤中微生物多样性的产生、维持机制,并可预测陆地生态系统功能的演变方向。由于土壤中微生物绝大多数不可培养,所以其生物地理学研究长期滞后于动植物的生物地理学。21世纪以来,新一代高通量测序、组学技术的突破为土壤微生物生物地理学带来了前所未有的机遇,使其成为土壤生物学、微生物生态学领域的国际研究热点。本文阐述了近年来国内外土壤微生物生物地理学的研究现状,提出了近期研究重点,并对该领域的未来研究与发展态势进行了展望。     

基于知识图谱的生物制造2,3-丁二醇研究态势分析

以Web of Science数据库收录的1978-2012年发表的关于生物制造2,3-丁二醇的文献为研究对象,综合利用可视化软件Histcite和Citespace绘制知识图谱,分析该领域的文献分布、研究基础、研究热点和前沿问题,为我国生物制造2,3-丁二醇领域的发展提供建设性意见.     

刘向明

<正>刘向明是中南民族大学教授,数学专业出身,后转向生物统计和生物数学研究领域。在开展医学、生物学和数学的交叉学科研究中,他破解了传统医药研发的新兴领域反向药理学中的关键问题,重塑了民族医药学的价值与地位。     

浅析生物识别技术与应用

随着科学技术的高速发展,生物识别技术这一新兴的技术也在不断地发展,并在很多领域得到了广泛地应用。生物识别技术在不同的领域发挥了重大的作用,我国也越来越重视对生物识别技术的研究,我国正在加大对生物识别技术的研究力度,培养生物识别技术研究的人才。我国现在所掌握的生物识别技术主要有一下几项:虹膜识别、指纹识别、脸部识别、声音识别、手掌几何学识别、签名识别、静脉识别等。本文我将从生物识别技术的发展、生物识别技术的应用、面临的问题几方面进行阐述。     

生物样本保：护生的物重多要样支性撑研究与

生物标本是生物学研究领域的重要素材,是不可再生的战略生物资源。中国科学院生物标本馆是中国生物标本资源保藏、研究和科学教育的中心,在中国生物多样性研究与保护中具有不可替代的重要作用。生物标本能够提供物种、空间和时间3个维度的重要信息,有巨大潜力服务于生物多样性的研究与保护。通过对这些信息的挖掘、利用,可有效支撑生物多样性相关领域的研究,包括物种认知、生物多样性编目、濒危物种保护与管理、外来生物入侵防治、生物多样性监测,以及物种分布格局与生物多样性变化等。未来对标本资源的建设和管理需要致力于更加全面地收集和保藏,加强深层次信息的获取和数据整合平台的建设,才能更好地为我国生态文明建设和生物多样性保护贡献力量。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.