公众参与下政府环境规制与企业生态技术创新行为的演化博弈分析

结合现实国情,将公众举报作为政府监督的有效来源纳入到政府环境规制与企业生态技术创新行为选择的演化博弈模型中,通过对复制动态方程和演化稳定性的推导分析得到九种不同情形下政府环境规制与企业生态技术创新行为的策略选择,并运用数值仿真演示不同初始值和条件下的演化结果及演化路径,同时分析公众举报概率对政府和企业策略选择的影响。结果发现,较高的公众举报概率可以促进企业选择生态技术创新同时节省政府的监管成本。政府可以通过提高公众的积极参与降低对企业的监管成本,从而完善环境规制的设计,实现经济和环境绩效的双赢。     

基于动态演化博弈的企业技术创新均衡策略研究

企业技术创新是解决环境污染和经济增长矛盾的根本所在,成为实现环境保护和经济发展“双赢”的有效途径.政府环境规制、企业技术创新和公众环境参与是相互影响及制约的利益关系,因此,探究三方利益相关者对企业技术创新行为的影响成为学者研究的重要课题.从演化经济学的视角,运用动态演化博弈理论,构建政府、企业和公众的三方博弈模型,根据演化的仿生学研究,引入Lotka-Volterra模型求稳态均衡解,探究环境利益相关者的规制行为对企业技术创新策略的演化影响,并利用Matlab通过数值模拟进行检验.研究结果表明:环境规制与企业技术创新战略选择是一场混合战略均衡的博弈过程,企业、政府和公众的行为决策受其收益和成本的大小影响,利益相关方的环保措施在一定程度上会促进技术创新.因此,应恰当选择政府环境规制手段和强度水平,合理规划规制成本,不断提高公众环保意识,强化环境监管,促使企业以环保为己任,实施技术创新策略,减少环境污染.     

基于动态演化博弈的企业技术创新均衡策略

企业技术创新是解决环境污染和经济增长矛盾的根本所在,成为实现环境保护和经济发展"双赢"的有效途径。政府环境规制、企业技术创新和公众环境参与是相互影响及制约的利益关系,因此,探究三方利益相关者对企业技术创新行为的影响成为学者研究的重要课题。从演化经济学的视角,运用动态演化博弈理论,构建政府、企业和公众的三方博弈模型,根据演化的仿生学研究,引入Lotka-Volterra模型求稳态均衡解,探究环境利益相关者的规制行为对企业技术创新策略的演化影响,并利用Matlab通过数值模拟进行检验。研究结果表明:环境规制与企业技术创新战略选择是一场混合战略均衡的博弈过程,企业、政府和公众的行为决策受其收益和成本的大小影响,利益相关方的环保措施在一定程度上会促进技术创新。因此,应恰当选择政府环境规制手段和强度水平,合理规划规制成本,不断提高公众环保意识,强化环境监管,促使企业以环保为己任,实施技术创新策略,减少环境污染。     

我国高新技术企业技术创新模式选择研究—基于演化博弈的视角

为研究高新技术企业的技术创新模式选择行为的内在决策机理,借助演化经济学研究工具,构建了高新技术企业技术创新模式选择的博弈模型,并对策略选择进行了演化动态稳定性分析,用数值仿真演示了决策参数的不同取值和初始条件的改变对演化结果的影响。结果表明:高新技术企业技术创新模式选择演化系统收敛于两种模式,一种为理想状态,一种为不良"锁定"状态;通过调节参数可以跳出不良"锁定"状态,诱导企业朝着期望的方向演化。     

长江经济带生态环境保护中政府与企业的演化博弈分析

针对环境保护"费改税"背景下,长江经济带生态环境保护中政府与企业的策略选择问题,构建长江经济带生态环境保护政府监管的演化博弈模型,揭示了政府与企业间的策略变化。研究结果表明,政府监管成本、企业合法排污所增加的成本、企业合法排污所增加的收益和企业违法排污遭受的处罚等因素对政府与企业的策略选择有重要影响。在此基础上,提出建立长江经济带生态环境协同保护机制,充分发挥环境保护税的经济杠杆调节作用,实行最严格的长江经济带生态环境保护制度等对策建议。     

政府和施工企业在建筑废弃物资源化管理中的演化博弈研究

通过建立建筑废弃物资源化利用过程中政府与施工企业的演化博弈模型,并对复制动态方程和演化稳定性的推导分析得到9种不同情况下的政府与施工企业资源化利用行为的策略选择。运用数值仿真演示不同参数变化时对演化结果和演化路径的影响,分析9种因素对策略选择的影响,结果表明增大施工企业资源化利用收益,降低花费成本,增大名誉损失有利于施工企业资源化利用建筑废弃物,增大政府积极监管获得的正向激励,增大政府不作为声誉损失,降低政府监管成本,将会促进政府部门选择积极监督。因此,必须同时针对政府和企业设计合理的激励和约束机制,引导两者向合理的目标迈进。     

生态经济视角下政府企业污染治理的演化博弈分析

本文分析生态经济视角下政府环境监测部门与企业在污染治理过程中的博弈行为。首先分析完全信息静态博弈分析的纳什均衡,然后扩展到群体有限理性下博弈分析,建立了政府监管部门和企业在各自不同的策略选择时的成本和收益函数,运用演化博弈理论研究了博弈模型的稳定性策略。分析结果表明:政府部门应该对企业污染加大监管及惩罚力度;企业应该运用更高的科技水平来降低污染物的产生及污染治理成本;加大政府监管失职处罚,强化政府监管职责;完善环境监管机制,提高政府监管效率,减少监管部门对于企业的监管成本。     

基于前景理论的政企低碳策略演化博弈分析

从前景理论视角分析地方政府监督下的企业低碳生产策略,建立企业和地方政府的收益感知矩阵,运用复制动态方程分析企业和地方政府的低碳策略演化博弈过程,模拟分析环境恶化风险成本、惩罚成本、低碳补贴及地方政府收益变化对演化结果的影响。研究结果表明:企业和地方政府的低碳策略取决于对方低碳策略的选择和参数感知价值,参数感知价值围绕临界值上下波动时,低碳策略随之变化;在一定条件下,企业和地方政府的低碳策略演化为环境效益最大化的企业低碳生产、地方政府监督策略集合;企业和地方政府对损益价值的感知大小影响环境效益最大化的实现;企业选择低碳生产及地方政府选择监督的概率影响策略收敛的速度。     

基于演化博弈的高新技术企业创新风险防控研究

针对高新技术企业融资难与"圈钱"争议的困局,构建一个包括政府监管部门、投资者与高新技术企业的三方行为策略演化博弈模型,探讨三方行为策略的影响因素及演化路径,以期通过适当的制度设计与政策支持引导创新资金的高效配置,实现创新风险的有效防控,为实施创新驱动发展战略提供保障。研究发现:(1)当投资者的信息甄别成本小于投资收益且投资额度小于政府监管部门的惩罚时,演化稳定策略是政府监管部门采取严格监管策略、投资者采取参与投资策略、高新技术企业采取自律策略;(2)当政府监管部门采取严格监管策略时,惩罚力度越大则高新技术企业越倾向于选择自律行为策略;(3)随着投资者的投资额度增加,高新技术企业选择自律行为策略的概率逐渐降低。     

平台生态系统中零工合规行为的三方演化博弈分析——以网络直播带货平台生态系统为例

随着零工经济的快速发展,平台零工的监管问题成为社会和企业面临的挑战。基于此,运用演化博弈理论,以网络直播带货平台生态系统为例,构建网络主播、平台企业和平台用户的三方演化博弈模型,并通过MATLAB进行仿真分析。结果表明：单方的演化策略受到其他两方策略的影响;网络主播采取合规行为需要考虑平台企业奖励和惩罚强度、平台用户造成的声誉损失以及损失赔付等因素;平台企业监管行为需要考虑监管获得的额外收益、不监管造成的潜在损失、监管成本与声誉等因素;平台用户选择参与行为需要考虑参与成本、额外奖励以及不合规行为带来的赔偿等因素;当演化策略为网络主播合规,平台企业监管和平台用户参与时,零工平台生态系统达到最佳状态,实现平台生态系统协同发展。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.