A Review on Applications of Layered Phosphorus in Energy Storage

Phosphorus in energy storage has received widespread attention in recent years. Both the high specific capacity and ion mobility of phosphorus may lead to a breakthrough in energy storage materials. Black phosphorus, an allotrope of phosphorus, has a sheet-like structure similar to graphite. In this review, we describe the structure and properties of black phosphorus and characteristics of the conductive electrode material, including theoretical calculation and analysis. The research progress in various ion batteries, including lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium–air batteries, and supercapacitors, is summarized according to the introduction of black phosphorus materials in different electrochemical applications. Among them, with the introduction of black phosphorus in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, the research on the properties of black phosphorus and carbon composite is introduced. Based on the summary, the future development trend and potential of black phosphorus materials in the field of electrochemistry are analyzed.     

MaterialsStudio（MS）结构模拟重构在品体结构教学中的应用

采用MaterialsStudio（MS）软件对材料的结构进行模拟和重构,把抽象的晶体结构（晶胞或者原子构型）以简单的可视三维原子球棍模型表示出来,促进学生更直观地理解复杂晶体结构,提高晶体结构教学的效果。通过建立晶胞和原子构型,形象描述晶体结构几何对称理论体系,并通过一些结构实例,如金刚石、石墨、碳纳米管和其他碳的同素异构体来阐述MS在材料化学和材料科学教程中的应用过程。根据这些原子模拟构型,可以使得晶体结构特征更清晰更简单地表示出来,通过这种方式,大大促进了学生对晶体结构相关参数和对称特征等抽象概念的理解和掌握,同时也引发学生对晶体结构学习的兴趣和积极性。     

机械合金化制备的Fe1-xCx固溶体的结构和磁性研究

1IntroductionIt is well known that the solubility of carbon in Fefor both body-centered-cubic (bcc) and face-centered-cubic (fcc) structures is very low, even in a liquidstate. The maxi mum solubility of carbon in ferrite isonly about 0 .1 atompercent .The difference of atomicradius between Fe and C is so large that C is em-bedded at the interstitial site in the bcc or fcc Fe lat-tice . Hume-Rothery rules suggest that the atomic sizeof the solute and solvent should differ by less than15 %to…     

激光导热仪在橡胶导热性能研究中的应用

使用激光导热仪测试4种炭黑以不同体积分数填充天然橡胶复合材料的导热性能。介绍了激光导热仪的测试原理、测试前的准备工作、测试过程以及测试工作的注意事项等,给出热扩散系数、比热与导热系数随温度的变化规律和不同炭黑的导热性能对比情况,并进行合理性分析。结果表明,采用激光导热仪测试橡胶导热性能是可行的,采用的方法是可靠的。     

Effects of the electrode materials and its structure on denitrification in a bio-electrode reactor

Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｏｎ Ｄｅｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ａ Ｂｉｏ－ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ ＲｅａｃｔｏｒTX１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓ－ｃｈａｒｇｅｄｈａ...     

Changing ideas about the periodic table of elements and students' alternative concepts of isotopes and allotropes

The Periodic Table of Elements (PTE) is one of the organizing principles in chemistry. Originally it was a list of elements (as substances). Later, the PTE developed into a list of atoms of the elements. However, isotopes and allotropes are difficult to integrate into the PTE. Therefore, difficulties in understanding these terms can be expected. The investigation set off to study secondary school students' concepts of isotopes and allotropes and how the concepts are linked to the PTE. Three specific research questions were addressed: (a) How do secondary school students describe the relationship between fundamental particles constituting an atom? (b) How do they conceive isotopes? and (c) What are students' concepts of graphite and diamond? Multiple choice items were given to 3074 senior high school students. In addition, six interviews were conducted with senior high school students. The data analysis revealed students' alternative concepts, which distinguished between standard atoms and atoms of isotopes. Standard atoms contain neutrons and protons in equal numbers and are more stable. The atomic masses are expressed as integers. Moreover, students considered graphite and diamond as isotopes. The analysis of the results shows that students actively tried to make sense of what they had experienced. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 257–277, 2003     

激光熔覆中熵合金铁钴镍涂层的工艺及组织性能

用高能球磨制备等原子比铁(Fe)钴(Co)镍(Ni)铁镍钴复合粉体,用激光熔覆方法制备复合粉铁镍钴体合金涂层。用OM、HV、XRD、SEM、EDS、SVET等对复合粉体及熔覆合金层进行了组织表征及性能测试。结果表明,复合粉体经3 h高能球磨后均匀细化,平均尺寸从35μm到15μm左右,镍晶格有一定畸变,有新相Co3Fe7产生;用优化后的激光熔覆工艺激光功率2000 W,激光扫描速度10 mm/s,保护Ar气流速度12 L/min制备中熵熔覆合金FeCoNi涂层;XRD、SEM、EDS表明熔覆层合金是单一的面心立方(FCC)相,Fe,Co,Ni成分均匀分布,没有金属间化合物产生;熔覆层的HV约是243,在0.5 mol/L氯化钠溶液中熔覆层的SVET表明耐腐蚀性能好。     

Hydrogen Bonding-Assisted Synthesis of Silica/Oxidized Mesocarbon Microbeads Encapsulated in Amorphous Carbon as Stable Anode for Optimized/Enhanced Lithium Storage

The practical application of silica-based composites as an alternative to commercial graphite anode materials is hampered by their large volumetric expansion,poor conductivity,and low Coulombic efficiency.In this work,a novel silica/oxidized mesocarbon microbead/amorphous carbon(SiO_2/O'MCMB/C) hierarchical structure in which SiO_2 is sandwiched between spherical graphite and amorphous carbon shell was succes sfully fabricated through hydrogen bonding-assisted self-assembly and post-carbon coating method.The obtained three-layer hierarchical structure effectively accommodates the volumetric expansion of SiO_2 and significantly enhances the electronic conductivity of composite materials.Moreover,the outer layer of amorphous carbon effectively increases the diffusion rate of lithium ions and promotes the formation of stable SEI film.As a result,the SiO_2/O'MCMB/C composite exhibits superior electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 459.5 mA h/g in the first cycle,and the corresponding Coulombic efficiency is 62.8%.After 300 cycles,the capacity climbs to around 600 mA h/g.This synthetic route provides an efficient method for preparing SiO_2 supported on graphite with excellent electrochemical performance,which is likely to promote its commercial applications.     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe1-xCx Solid Solution Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

Supersaturated solid solutions Fe1-xCx （0≤x≤0.9 ） of wide composition range have been prepared by mechanical alloying process. Nanocrystalline phase was formed for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.67 and a large grain phase for 0.75 ≤ x ≤ 0.9. The large fraction of graphite volume puts off formation of nanocrystalline phase for high carbon content. In the large grain phase, magnetization follows simple magnetic dilution, and eoereivity He is mainly due to dissolution of carbon at grain boundaries. In the nanocrystalline phase the alloying effect of carbon is revealed by a distinct reduction of average magnetic moment. The increasing lattice constant with increasing carbon content is observed for x ≤ 0.5, suggesting that the high carbon concentration may enhance diffusion of carbon into the Fe lattice. It shows a discontinuity in the Hc variation with a grain size D of nanocrystalline phase. For small grain D below the critical value, Hc increases with D. For a large grain D, Hc decreases with increasing D. The solubility limit of carbon in a-Fe extended by nanocry- stalline phase formation is discussed.     

C—Ce—TiO2光催化剂的制备及其对氟氯氰菊酯的降解

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳铈共掺杂的纳米二氧化钛（C—Ce-TiO2）光催化剂,经X一射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（Uv-Vis-DRS）表征,在9W日光灯照射下,催化降解高效氟氯氰菊酯．结果表明：C—Ce—TiO2在可见光区吸光度提高,其禁带宽度比未掺杂的二氧化钛小,XRD显示制备得到的C—Ce—TiO2主要为锐钛矿晶型,光催化降解试验发现C—Ce—TiO2对高效氟氯氰菊酯的降解能力高于纳米二氧化钛,降解率可达92％左右．     

膨胀石墨对二氧化碳的吸附研究

采用常压吸附法研究了膨胀石墨吸附剂在二氧化碳/氮气体系中对二氧化碳的动态吸附性能,比较了其吸附量、穿透曲线和吸附性能的差异.研究了膨胀石墨的比表面积,孔径分布等因素对其二氧化碳吸附性能的影响.结果表明:膨胀体积越大的膨胀石墨,其对二氧化碳的吸附能力越强,最高可达190 mg/g以上.其吸附量随温度升高而呈现下降趋势,但在30℃时吸附量仍达到90 mg/g以上.     

纳米碳粒的石墨碎片微结构及电化学性质

文章采用HRTEM（高分辨透射电镜）、XRD（X射线衍射）表征了三种不同纳米碳粒的石墨碎片微结构及其石墨化程度,并采用CV（循环伏安）、EIS（交流阻抗图谱）方法对由纳米碳粒制备的电极的电化学性质进行了研究。结果发现：随纳米碳粒石墨化度的减小,石墨碎片卷曲形态的清晰度增加,对应电极的电化学反应速率常数及电容值增大。作者认为：石墨碎片的卷曲和石墨化属于两种不同形式的碳原子有序化,二者均可对纳米碳粒的电化学性质产生影响。     

He-Ne及Ar~ 激光对黑曲霉产果胶酶的诱变效应

报导 He- Ne及 Ar 激光辐照黑曲霉 (Aspergillus niger B1 0 1 )的研究结果 ,表明激光确实以某种方式作用于辐照菌株 ,虽不直接损伤其表面结构 ,但引起生理代谢的改变 ,使产量发生变化 ,这为激光微生物育种提供了新的依据     

脉冲CO2激光骨硬组织消融和电锯截骨的形态比较

评估脉冲CO2激光用于骨硬组织消融的可行性和有效性.以脉冲CO2激光为辐射源,动态扫描方式进行骨硬组织消融实验,以电锯传统手术器械为对照组,体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察骨组织弹坑的形态学变化.系统比较激光消融技术与传统手术器械在切口表面形貌、微结构变化等方面的优劣.实验结果表明：脉冲CO2激光可以获得类似电锯截骨的效果,并具有清洁、易操作等优势.     

低密度聚乙烯/炭黑复合材料的制备与性能研究

LDPE是一种使用量较大的高分子材料,但其存在耐热性不高,硬度低,容易屈服变形等缺点,本文采用低密度聚乙烯搀杂炭黑,研究低密度聚乙烯/炭黑复合材料中炭黑不同含量对其力学性能、热学性能的影响。发现拉伸强度和耐热温度与炭黑的含量呈正比。当炭黑含量为3%时,LDPE/CB复合材料获得了最佳改性效果,LDPE/CB复合材料综合性能为最好。     

Versapulse 532nm激光治疗血管性皮肤病的临床观察及实验研究

目的报道Versapulse 532nm激光治疗血管性皮肤病的临床疗效,并以免耳为模型探讨其对血管的作用．方法用美国Coherent 公司生产的Versapulse 532激光,治疗５５６例血管性皮肤病,其中鲜红斑痣１２４例,草莓状血管瘤２３例,樱桃状血管瘤６３例,蜘蛛痣１４５例,毛细血管扩张２０１例,治疗间隔为１～３个月,并选择不同激光参数,用兔耳血管进行动物实验．结果经过１～数次激光治疗,取得明显疗效,痊愈４２２例,显效６３例,有效７１例．动物实验显示激光照射后血管内红细胞变性破坏,继而血栓形成为主要变化,照射能量相对大而脉宽相对小可出现轻度红细胞外渗,对临床选择激光参数具有指导作用,结论 Versapulse 532nm激光治疗血管性皮肤病疗效好,副反应少,其效果与激光参数的选择有关．     

热化学在无机化学中的应用

热重法(TG)、差示扫描量热法(DTA)是一种操作简便、试样用量少、速度快的分析方法．本文介绍了利用(TG、DTA)方法对钙化合分解、硫酸铜失水、水合草酸盐、石墨、金刚石等无机化合物进行的定量分析，说明TG法、DTA法对催化剂活性、金属盐水合物、金属氧化物及土壤矿物的脱水、吸附、反应都能给出准确的分析结果．     

Investigation of reinforcement of the modified carbon black from wasted tires by nuclear magnetic resonance

INTRODUCTION Waste tires cannot degrade in the short term; they may cause accidental fire and emit poisonous gases rich in dioxins. How to recycle and utilize them effectively, and prevent secondary pollution to the environment has become a new issue that the reuse of resources is faced with. Pyrolysis is an environ-ment-friendly process for recycling of used tires. Three products are typically obtained from the pyrolysis of waste tires: gas, oil and char (Gonzalez etal., 2001). Pyrolyt…     

碳掺杂量对C-Ce-TiO2光催化活性的影响

以钛酸丁酯、四丁基氢氧化铵、硝酸铈为原料,采用溶胶一凝胶法合成C—Ce—TiO2光催化剂,经XRD、UV—Vis—DRS表征,在9W日光灯照射下光催化降解农药。结果表明：随着碳掺杂量的增加,微晶粒径减小、禁带能隙降低、对农药的光催化活性增大。     

金刚石薄膜的制备和结构分析

金刚石薄膜的制备与热丝温度、衬底温度、工作室压强及反应气体浓度有关,氢原子具有抑制石墨生长的作用,衬底的表面处理对金刚石薄膜的生长有很大影响。本文还试图用晶体生长和相变理论解释金刚石薄膜的生长过程。