国内外电子废弃物回收体系比较与借鉴

文章对电子废弃物的定义、特点及回收的意义进行了概述,回顾了中国电子废弃物回收体系的发展历程,总结回收体系建设过程中进行的探索及存在的问题。文章针对中国电子废弃物回收体系探索与发展现状,分别对日本、德国、荷兰及中国台湾地区的电子废弃物回收体系进行了介绍和分析总结。结合了各国家及地区的举措及中国电子废弃物回收体系存在的问题,在借鉴的基础上提出相应建议。     

加强电子废弃物管理的政策制度研究

系统分析了我国在电子废弃物回收与处理管理方面存在的问题与不足，通过借鉴发达国家在政策制度建设方面的经验，从系统的角度提出了加强电子废弃物管理的对策体系，结合我国经济发展的阶段性特点，提出了在法律法规制度建设、社会回收网络体系建设、社会化监管和产业发展激励等方面的政策措施与管理机制。     

上海市电子废弃物现状评述与改善对策

随着高科技的发展和人们需求的增长,电子产品不断推陈出新,电子废弃物成为世界上数量增长最快的垃圾.电子废弃物不规范回收处理易造成污染.电子废弃物中含有很多可回收再利用的有色金属.黑色金属、玻璃等物质.伴随着电子工业的高速发展,电子废弃物污染不可避免地摆在了我们面前.电子废弃物具有危害性和可利用性.     

中国城市电子废弃物回收处置现状——基于天津市的调查

通过实地调查和文献回顾,发现中国城市电子废弃物回收处置过程中存在的主要问题有7个方面:①缺乏明确的规章制度和严格的准入制度,电子废弃物从回收到处置都缺乏有效的管理和监督;②相关从业者的经营规模与技术水平参差不齐,市场秩序较为混乱;③电子废弃物的个体回收者,大多数设备条件落后,处理方式仅作为获利的手段,部分回收者和分解者在加工过程中造成了严重的环境污染;④生产厂商、销售商、消费者及政府部门都没有将电子废弃物的回收处理视为其应承担的社会责任和环境责任;⑤政府与生产厂商互相推诿电子废弃物的回收处理责任;⑥消费者的资源节约和环保意识亟待加强,部分消费者存在环境意识淡薄、废旧电器随意丢弃和处置不当的现象;⑦从环保意识到环保行动,大多数城市居民具有较高的潜在支付意愿:90%的消费者愿意以较高的价格,购买更有社会责任感和更环保的生产厂商的产品,反映出消费者在经济成本和环境成本之间的权衡尺度和支付意愿.     

中外再生资源产业发展比较与中国的推进策略

20世纪80年代以来,世界许多国家从可持续发展理念出发,提出了许多新思想,特别在1992年联合国环发大会提出可持续发展道路之后,德国等欧洲国家首先提出了循环经济发展战略,并得到其他发达国家的积极响应.进而再生资源产业被许多国家作为战略性产业而得到迅速发展。近年来,我国再生资源产业发展较快。据统计,2003年我国废旧物资的回收总量已经达到8400×10⁴t,其中七大类废旧物资年回收量突破5500×10⁴t,年回收废旧物资总值约500×10⁸元,2004年我国再生资源主要品种年加工处理量约为2000×10⁴t。但与世界发达国家比较,在废旧物资回收率、回收量、回收总值、回收结构、废弃物的综合利用率、再生产品产量以及产业发展规模等方面还存在较大差距。文章研究分析了我国产业发展中存在的问题,在总结和借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,从加强政府对产业发展的宏观调控和引导、产业管理体制改革、营造产业发展的法规政策环境、构建社会化产业发展体系、调整产业空间布局和组织结构以及建立产业市场体系和技术发展体系等方面提出了加快我国再生资源产业发展的对策,对推进我国循环经济发展,实施可持续发展战略有一定的现实意义。     

中国城市电子废弃物回收处置现状

通过实地调查和文献回顾,发现中国城市电子废弃物回收处置过程中存在的主要问题有7个方面：①缺乏明确的规章制度和严格的准入制度,电子废弃物从回收到处置都缺乏有效的管理和监督;②相关从业者的经营规模与技术水平参差不齐,市场秩序较为混乱;③电子废弃物的个体回收者,大多数设备条件落后,处理方式仅作为获利的手段,部分回收者和分解者在加工过程中造成了严重的环境污染;④生产厂商、销售商、消费者及政府部门都没有将电子废弃物的回收处理视为其应承担的社会责任和环境责任;⑤政府与生产厂商互相推诿电子废弃物的回收处理责任;⑥消费者的资源节约和环保意识亟待加强,部分消费者存在环境意识淡薄、废旧电器随意丢弃和处置不当的现象;⑦从环保意识到环保行动,大多数城市居民具有较高的潜在支付意愿：90%的消费者愿意以较高的价格,购买更有社会责任感和更环保的生产厂商的产品,反映出消费者在经济成本和环境成本之间的权衡尺度和支付意愿。     

"十三五”将制定循环经济清晰指标体系

<正>2014年,我国资源循环利用产业产值达1.5万亿元,从业人员2000万人,回收和循环利用各种废弃物和再生资源近2.5亿吨,与利用原生资源相比,节能近2亿吨标准煤,减少废水排放90亿吨,减少固体废物排放11.5亿吨。党的十八届五中全会审议通过《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议》,为我国未来5年的发展勾画了新的蓝图。共话"十三五"、共商绿色化背景下的循环经济发展成为     

对电子废弃物管理和回收利用思路探讨

本文通过对电子废弃物产生原因和特性进行分析,找出目前存在的问题,提出对电子废弃物管理和回收利用的思路,为有关部门进一步加强对电子废弃物的管理和回收利用提供参考。     

中国资源循环利用产业政策演进特征研究

发展资源循环利用产业能有效缓解资源紧缺、环境污染的双重约束。为促进产业发展,中国政府制定一系列产业政策,并根据产业发展特点和需求不断修正和调整政策重点,政策处于持续发展和演进过程中。深入研究资源循环利用产业的演进特征,对于准确把握其阶段性重点和发展趋势、探究政策演进的内在逻辑、促进政策体系的优化完善具有重要意义。本文运用共词分析法和社会网络分析法,以1978—2016年中国中央政府颁发的172份政策文本为分析对象,根据高频词聚类结果,从政策主题、利用对象、产业链环节、政策措施四个维度刻画不同阶段的政策特征,探寻政策演进规律及影响因素。研究发现：①从政策发展历程分析,中国资源循环利用产业政策体系经历了探索起步、初步形成、快速发展和战略深化四个阶段。②从政策演进规律分析,政策主题由宏观向具体转变、利用对象由工业废弃物向生产和生活废弃物转变、产业链环节由回收环节向全产业链转变、政策措施由单一型向复合型转变。③从政策演进动因分析,外部宏观环境和产业自身特点共同作用影响着中国资源循环利用产业政策的演进历程。论文最后提出完善中国资源循环利用产业政策的相关建议。     

基于5W1H分析法的“互联网+高校电子废弃物回收处理模式”的可行性分析

近年来,随着生活水平的提高,电子产品更新换代的加快,高校学生电子产品消费量不断攀升,同时废弃量也在与日俱增,回收处理问题迫在眉睫。"互联网+电子废弃物"回收处理模式作为一种高效的、有别于传统的新模式,已引起社会的广泛关注。本文基于5W1H分析法,试对"互联网+高校电子废弃物回收处理模式"的可行性和科学性进行探索,为推广该模式提供参考。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.