谦卑型领导风格对创新的压力——员工创造力曲线关系的调节作用

检验创新时间压力和员工创造力之间的非线性关系,并着重探讨谦卑型领导对该非线性关系所起到的调节作用。通过对379份"领导—员工"配对数据进行实证分析,结果表明:创新时间压力与员工创造力呈倒U型关系;谦卑型领导对创新时间压力与员工创造力间的倒U型关系具有显著调节作用。领导越谦卑,创新时间压力与员工创造力的倒U型关系越明显。     

谦卑型领导对知识员工创造力的影响及作用机制研究: 一个被中介的调节模型——基于社会认知的视角

基于社会认知理论,探究中国组织情境下谦卑型领导对知识员工创造力的影响及作用机制,并探索心理安全和创造性自我效能在以上关系中所起的中介作用和调节作用.研究采用纵向追踪设计,以环同济知识经济圈的438名知识员工为调研对象,利用问卷调查法先后进行3次数据收集,并对调查所获得的匹配数据进行分析.研究结果发现: 谦卑型领导对知识员工创造力有显著的正向影响;心理安全在谦卑型领导和知识员工创造力的关系中起着完全中介作用;创造性自我效能越高,谦卑型领导对知识员工创造力的作用越强;心理安全的中介作用在创造性自我效能对主效应的整体调节作用之下.研究结论拓展了谦卑型领导理论及知识员工创造力领域的相关研究.     

协和控制塑造“囚笼”： 成就目标导向对创造力的作用

基于风险选择模型,通过对45个自我管理团队371对领导—员工配对数据的跨层次分析,系统研究了自我管理团队的协和控制对创造力的影响,以及成就目标导向对协和控制与创造力关系的调节作用.研究发现： 协和控制对创造力有倒U形影响;成就目标导向调节协和控制与创造力的关系,其中,团队成员的精熟导向越强,协和控制与创造力的倒U形关系越弱.随着表现—趋近导向的增强,协和控制与创造力的倒U形关系发生缓慢的弱化;表现—回避导向越强,低强度协和控制对创造力的积极效应越强,而高强度协和控制对创造力的消极效应越弱.研究结果为创新企业提出了成熟期自我管理团队的协和控制将侵蚀员工创造力的警示,同时,为相关组织建立成就目标导向评价体系、引导员工成就目标导向设置以消除协和控制的负面效应提供了坚实的理论基础和实践启示     

谦卑型领导对员工创造力的跨层次影响研究

从社会信息加工理论的视角出发,将建言氛围和LMXD纳入分析框架,研究了谦卑型领导与员工创造力的跨层次作用机制,以及建言氛围和LMXD分别对上述关系的中介与调节作用。运用了51个团队196名团队成员的样本,实证结果表明:谦卑型领导与员工创造力正相关;该关系被建言氛围所中介;LMXD负向调节了该关系。另外,LMXD也调节了建言氛围的中介作用,即团队中LMXD水平较低时,谦卑型领导通过建言氛围影响员工创造力的中介作用更显著。     

把工作带回家会影响创造力吗?——二元压力下的工作—家庭渗透与员工创造力关系研究

随着移动互联网的发展和智能设备的普及,员工在家处理工作成为新常态,工作中的挑战性和阻碍性压力会如何影响员工在家处理工作的行为,又会对员工的创造力产生什么影响？以资源保存理论为理论基础,从工作—家庭边界理论的视角出发,经“工作→家庭→工作”的作用路径,探讨员工感知挑战性—阻碍性压力通过工作—家庭渗透对员工工作创造力的影响效应,并验证家庭支持在工作—家庭渗透与员工创造力关系中的调节作用。通过405份企业员工的匹配数据,对假设进行验证。结果表明：挑战性压力正向影响工作—家庭渗透,阻碍性压力负向影响工作—家庭渗透;工作—家庭渗透与员工创造力之间存在倒U型关系,家庭支持调节了工作—家庭渗透与员工创造力的U型关系;工作—家庭渗透在挑战性压力对员工创造力的倒U型关系中起中介作用,在阻碍性压力对员工创造力的负向影响中起中介作用。     

谦卑型领导对员工创造力的影响机制

通过对273个员工问卷调查数据进行统计分析,运用结构方程、路径分析法和层次回归法探讨了谦卑型领导对员工创造力的作用机制。结果表明：谦卑型领导能显著正向影响员工创造力;知识共享在谦卑型领导影响员工创造力的过程中发挥完全中介作用;主动性人格负面地调节谦卑型领导对员工创造力的直接作用,即对于低主动性人格的员工,谦卑型领导对其创造力的提升更明显。     

领导谦卑影响员工越轨创新行为的作用机制研究

文章基于相对剥夺理论,通过分析251套、三个时间点的配对数据,探讨了领导谦卑对员工越轨创新行为的影响机制,以及员工资质过剩感在二者间的中介作用和主动性人格的调节作用。结果发现：领导谦卑正向影响员工的资质过剩感,进而正向影响其越轨创新行为;员工的主动性人格负向调节了领导谦卑与员工资质过剩感间的关系,同时也负向调节了员工资质过剩感对领导谦卑和员工越轨创新行为的中介作用。     

破坏性领导对员工工作投入的影响研究 ——一个有调节的中介模型

本文以激活理论和资源保存理论为基础,选取心理所有权为中介变量,员工传统性为调节变量,来探索破坏性领导对于员工工作投入的影响.通过对432名企业员工的调研发现,破坏性领导与员工工作投入之间存在倒U型关系.员工的心理所有权在破坏性领导与员工工作投入之间起到部分中介的作用.员工传统性能够调节破坏性领导与员工工作投入之间的倒U型关系,即员工传统性越低,破坏性领导与员工工作投入之间的倒U型关系越明显.     

变革型领导对员工创新工作绩效的影响研究

创新是企业可持续发展的灵魂,变革型领导对员工创新有实质性影响.基于350份数据样本,探讨和验证了变革型领导、心理安全、员工创造力和创新工作绩效之间关系.研究结果显示,变革型领导对员工创新工作绩效有显著正向影响;员工创造力在变革型领导与创新工作绩效之间起到完全中介作用;员工感知心理安全对变革型领导与员工创造力的关系有显著调节作用.最后,针对研究结论的启示和意义进行了探讨.     

谦卑型领导对下属沉默行为的影响机制研究

基于人—情境交互视角,探讨了具有中国儒、道两家思想特性的谦卑型领导对下属沉默行为的作用机理。480份企业员工数据统计结果表明:谦卑型领导、组织认同与下属沉默行为呈负相关关系;组织认同在谦卑型领导与下属沉默行为之间起部分中介作用;下属权力距离强化了谦卑型领导对下属沉默行为的负向影响,即下属权力距离感知越低,谦卑型领导对下属沉默行为的负向影响越强。而下属权力距离感知越高则降低了谦卑型领导的有效性,因而对员工沉默行为的负向作用的调节效果越弱。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.