隐性知识获取、机会能力与创业绩效

创业者的隐性知识获取是提高机会能力和提升企业核心竞争力的重要影响因素,机会能力是企业获得生存发展、影响创业绩效的关键所在。基于创业者的研究视角构建隐性知识获取、机会能力和创业绩效间关系的理论模型,通过对18位创业者的深度访谈和对382位创业者的问卷调研,对概念模型进行实证检验。实证分析显示:(1)机会能力在隐性知识获取和创业绩效之间起到部分中介作用;(2)认知型隐性知识获取对机会能力各维度以及成长绩效和创新绩效的影响作用更大,而技能型隐性知识获取对生存绩效的影响作用更大;(3)与机会评估能力和机会利用能力相比,机会识别能力对创业绩效各维度的影响作用更大。     

创业者网络能力、商业模式创新与创业绩效关系的实证研究

通过对国内421个创业团队的问卷调查数据进行分析,运用层次回归的方法检验创业者网络能力和商业模式创新和创业绩效三者之间的关系。实证研究发现,创业者网络能力是新创企业成长的决定性因素,创业者网络能力和商业模式创新能显著正向影响创业绩效,其中商业模式创新的各维度在创业者网络能力和创业绩效之间有部分中介作用。     

社会资本对获取创业知识的驱动过程解构——基于创业者能力视角

创业者如何动员社会资本,高效获取创业知识?针对这一问题,整合网络嵌入视角与组织学习视角,对"社会资本—创业知识"的过程进行解构,认为创业者的关系能力与学习能力起着关键作用。实证结果发现:(1)不同维度社会资本对创业知识获取的作用存在差异,其中关系维度和结构维度均呈现倒U型影响,认知维度对创业知识获取则起到了显著的正向影响;(2)创业者的关系能力能够正向调节关系型、认知型社会资本与创业知识获取之间的作用关系,但是在结构型社会资本与创业知识获取之间起到的却是负向调节作用,而创业者的学习能力能够正向调节关系型、结构型社会资本与创业知识获取之间的作用关系,但是学习能力在认知型社会资本与创业知识获取之间的调节作用并不显著。     

创业知识资本与企业绩效关系研究

 从创业知识资本及创业者的视角和需求,通过实证数据分析并检验我国创业企业创业知识资本和创业企业绩效之间的关系。研究表明,创业知识资本的4个关键因素对企业绩效具有显著影响,而创业知识资本的不同维度对企业绩效具有不同的驱动作用。创业创新资本、创业人力资本和创业社会资本三个因素对竞争绩效和潜力绩效都有积极的影响作用,而创业结构资本对竞争绩效有显著的正效应,对潜力绩效没有显著影响。在一定程度上解释了创业知识资本的现实价值,并给出创业知识资本积累的建议。     

创新链内多重网络、创业能力与创业绩效关系研究

构建出新创企业"创新链多重网络特征—创业能力—创业绩效"的理论框架,将创新链多重网络特征解构为政治网络、技术网络和商业网络,将创业能力解析为创业认知能力、机会获取能力和运营管理能力三个维度,通过209家新创企业的问卷,应用多元回归分析方法验证了理论假设。实证结果表明,创新链内的政治网络、技术网络和商业网络对创业绩效均存在正向影响,创新链内的政治网络、技术网络和商业网络对创业能力的三个维度均存在正向影响,政治网络对创业绩效的作用被机会获取能力所完全中介,技术网络对创业绩效的作用被创业认知能力、机会获取能力和运营管理能力所部分中介,商业网络对创业绩效的作用被机会获取能力和运营管理能力所部分中介。     

创业者职业价值观、资源拼凑与创业绩效的关系研究

创业者对新创企业的发展起着至关重要的作用,且对于新创企业资源局限的情况而言,资源拼凑无疑是极具价值的资源管理行为,然而学界很少有把创业者和资源拼凑联系在一起的实证分析。本研究主要研究了从创业者职业价值观,通过创业者的资源拼凑行为影响创业绩效的作用路径,以及环境动态性的调节作用。通过实证研究表明：创业者职业价值观的四个维度会对创业者的资源拼凑行为产生正向影响;资源拼凑对创业绩效有显著的正向影响;资源拼凑在创业者职业价值观和创业绩效之间有部分中介作用;环境动态性负向调节资源拼凑对创业绩效的正向作用。     

在孵企业社会资本、知识获取与创业绩效的关系研究

在孵企业是企业孵化器按照一定的程序及条件挑选出来并在一定时间内进行孵化和培育的中小型新创企业,在孵企业的社会资本对在孵企业知识获取及创业绩效有重要作用。通过对我国企业孵化器内的102家在孵企业进行问卷调查,对在孵企业社会资本各维度之间的关系及其对在孵企业知识获取及创业绩效的影响进行实证研究,提出提升在孵企业社会资本以促进知识获取、提高创业绩效的对策建议。     

创业者职业价值观、资源拼凑与创业绩效关系研究

创业者对新创企业的发展起着至关重要的作用，且对于新创企业资源局限的情况而言，资源拼凑无疑是极具价值的资源管理行为，然而学界很少有把创业者和资源拼凑联系在一起的实证分析。本研究主要研究了从创业者职业价值观，通过创业者的资源拼凑行为影响创业绩效的作用路径，以及环境动态性的调节作用。通过实证研究表明：创业者职业价值观的四个维度会对创业者的资源拼凑行为产生正向影响；资源拼凑对创业绩效有显著的正向影响；资源拼凑在创业者职业价值观和创业绩效之间有部分中介作用；环境动态性负向调节资源拼凑对创业绩效的正向作用。     

网络能力、隐性知识获取与新创企业成长绩效

 新创企业发展和管理外部利益主体的网络能力,对关键性隐性知识获取和成长绩效有重要影响。通过对浙江省内209家样本新创企业的问卷调查和结构方程模型分析,研究发现：网络能力各维度对隐性知识获取均有显著正向影响;隐性知识获取对新创企业成长绩效均有显著正向影响;网络能力中的网络规划能力和网络运作能力对新创企业成长绩效有直接正向影响;网络配置能力和网络占位能力则通过影响隐性知识获取而对新创企业成长绩效产生间接正向影响。     

海归创业网络、资源获取与企业绩效的关系研究

在114位海归创业者调研样本的基础上,基于资源基础理论,构建了包含中介效应与调节效应的海归创业者国内、外创业网络强度影响企业绩效的理论模型。结果显示:海归创业者的国外创业网络强度与国际先进知识资源的获取正相关,国内创业网络强度与企业资产资源与知识资源的获取也呈正相关关系;企业年龄负向调节海归国外创业网络强度与知识资源获取之间的正向关系,但对国内创业网络强度与知识资源、资产资源获取之间的关系没有调节作用;知识资源与资产资源获取在海归国内、外创业网络与企业绩效间起到中介作用。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.