体育对构建和谐社会作用的思考

构建社会主义和谐社会,是一项系统工程,方方面面都要为其做出贡献。体育是和谐社会的重要组成部分,体育工作有责任和义务为构建和谐社会做出应有贡献。本文就从人人运动、社区体育和体育竞赛三个方面就体育对构建和谐社会的作用做一些思考。     

体育在和谐社会构建过程中的作用

党的十六届四中全会提出了构建社会主义和谐社会的伟大历史使命,它是当前我国社会主义现代化建设面临的重大历史任务之一,各个方面都应做出相应的贡献。体育是现代社会活动的重要组成部分,它有责任和义务在和谐社会的构建过程中发挥纽带作用。本文主要采用文献资料法和逻辑推理法,阐释了和谐社会的含义,初步探究体育与和谐社会的关系,以及体育对和谐社会的重要作用,旨在更新观念,更好地发挥体育对和谐社会的持久的、能动作用,树立人们的“和谐”意识,更好地促进社会的和谐。     

和谐社会的体育功能分析

和谐社会是社会主义一项系统工程,体育作为社会主义现代化建设事业的一部分,有责任和义务为构建和谐社会做出应有的贡献。运用文献分析、实地调研等方法,在对和谐社会理解的基础上,对体育功能进行了分析,结果发现体育具有民主法治,依法治国功能;营造社会公平正义,缓解社会矛盾功能;平等友爱团结,倡导社会诚实守信功能;宣泄压力,改善社会秩序功能,进而提出以人为本,改善服务理念、建立社区体育组织体系、增加资金投入等建议,尤其是建立信息化体育系统绩效考核系统将大大有助于和谐社会建设中体育功能的进一步发挥。     

体育为构建和谐社会的作用研究

在全面构建社主义和谐社会的过程中,体育,为构建和谐文化、和谐人才和和谐环境做出重要作用,这些贡献也将为构建和谐社会起到推动作用。     

在弱势群体中开展体育康复运动的新思考

目前我国的弱势群体身体状况的非常糟糕,作为体育工作者应该采用体育康复运动来促进社区弱势群体的身体的康复,改变他们目前的状况,为构建和谐社会做出贡献。     

体育宣传工作在构建社会主义和谐体育中的作用

随着时代的发展,体育已成为人们生活中不可或缺的重要组成部分,体育事业在构建社会主义和谐社会中具有重要作用。体育宣传工作是体育事业的重要组成部分。体育宣传工作既是构建和谐体育的重要内容,也是构建和谐体育的重要保障和前提,并在构建社会主义和谐社会中发挥着积极作用。因此,为构建和谐社会创造良好的舆论氛围,体育宣传工作具有义不容辞的职责。本论文将围绕体育宣传工作在构建和谐社会中的作用,从三个部分进行论述和思考。     

体育--构建社会主义和谐社会的纽带

在阐述和谐社会概念的基础上,从体育促进人的和谐发展、社会精神文明建设,体育营造公平、公正、公开理念,体育的规则意识导向,体育的安全阀功能和促进社会自由流动、推进经济发展等方面,论述了体育为构建社会主义和谐社会发挥的重要作用。认为:体育是构建社会主义和谐社会的纽带。     

论体育在和谐社会建设中的作用

社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性,是在新的历史条件下夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利必须牢牢把握的基本要求之一。体育是人类追求社会进步、社会和谐和人的全面发展的历史进程中创造的一种社会文化,体育事业是中国特色社会主义建设事业的重要组成部分,是构建和谐社会重要手段之一。体育工作应为促进社会和谐,实现全面建成小康社会宏伟目标贡献力量。体育在构建社会主义和谐社会中的作用主要表现在：促进社会关系的和谐、促进人与人、人与社会及人与自然之间和谐等方面。本文着重从“和谐社会”及其内涵、体育与和谐社会的关系、体育在构建和谐社会中的作用三个方面进行阐述。     

休闲体育在我国城市化进程中的和谐价值研究

新世界我国大力倡导居民从事休闲体育,城市化进程是走向现代化的必由之路,休闲体育在中国城市化进程中作出了积极贡献：有力地改善了城市居民的生活方式、产业结构和就业市场,维护着城市居民的身心健康,休闲体育有力地辅助着社会主义和谐社会的构建.     

体育运动对构建和谐社会政治经济建设的作用

政治经济建设是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,体育对社会主义和谐社会政治经济的建设有其重要的意义.通过联系社会主义和谐社会有关理论,采用理论分析方法,对体育运动在政治经济建设中的作用进行深入探讨,为社会主义和谐社会的体育发展提供理论支持.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。