基于因子分析和聚类分析法的安徽省城市技术创新能力评价

对安徽省城市创新能力进行综述,并以技术创新投入能力、技术创新产出能力、技术创新支撑能力等三类指标构建安徽省17个城市的技术创新能力评价指标体系,采取因子分析方法、聚类分析方法对其技术创新能力进行综合评价,并且对各个城市的技术创新能力进行排序、分类和比较分析,在此基础上提出相应的对策措施。     

合资企业与其它企业的技术评价与比较

本将我国工业经济分为全部工业、合资企业、其它企业三个系统,设定评价项目为：企业技术基础、企业技术创新能力、企业技术创新投入。在确定了评价指标体系及其权重的基础上,通过对５３４个企业的调查、计算、评价及比较分析,从实证角度得出基本结论为：总体上我国合资企业技术基础高于其它企业,但在技术创新能力及投入上比其它企业无明显优势,合资企业对我国工业总体技术水平的直接影响主要是通过具有相对较高技术基础的合资     

中部六省大中型工业企业技术创新能力发展状况分析

从绝对量和相对量两个方面,对中部六省大中型工业企业的技术创新投入、研发能力和技术创新产出3个主要评价指标进行动态分析,揭示中部六省大中型工业企业技术创新的发展状况以及各省在不同方面存在的优势和不足。     

基于Promethee法的省级技术中心技术创新能力评价

为客观地把握浙江省级工业企业技术中心技术创新能力,准确判定其优势和劣势,建立一套技术创新能力的评价指标体系,应用Promethee方法,从创新投入、创新产出、创新潜力与创新支撑等方面对其进行对比、研究、分析和评价。     

汽车企业研发创新能力评价与实证研究──以安徽省企业为例

在对我国汽车企业发展和技术创新能力评价体系进行全面、深入的分析基础上,结合安徽省汽车企业研发能力现状,提出从研发投入、研发人员素质、研发条件和研发成果四个方面考虑企业研发能力,建立汽车企业研发能力评价指标体系。同时基于调研数据基础上,进行汽车企业研发能力的实证研究,提出建议。     

黑龙江省工业企业技术创新能力比较分析

通过对工业企业技术创新能力的若干重要指标即科技活动人员、企业科技活动、科技活动经费、RD经费投入、技术创新产出等的比较分析,客观地反映了黑龙江省工业企业技术创新能力及其在东北地区的地位,为工业企业技术创新能力的提高提供了严谨的研究依据。     

鲁粤苏浙四省规模以上工业企业技术创新差异及成因——基于宏观层面的研究

本研究从宏观角度,对鲁粤苏浙四省规模以上工业企业技术创新差异及成因进行了分析,研究认为:山东省规模以上工业企业与其它三省相比,技术创新投入、产出以及效率方面都存在较大差距;政府研发投入带动能力、投入结构、企业开展研发活动以及政策环境等方面存在的差异,对四省规模以上工业企业技术创新能力的差距具有重要影响作用。     

基于反馈控制过程的企业技术创新能力评价

尽管国内许多学者基于技术创新过程观对企业技术创新能力的构成要素进行了分解和评价,但由于对技术创新过程的认识缺乏理论指导,影响了技术创新能力评价的科学性和合理性。基于反馈控制过程观把企业的技术创新能力分为:创新投入能力、研发制造能力、创新产出能力、创新反馈能力。在此基础上设计了技术创新能力的评价指标。     

基于因子分析的黑龙江省装备制造业技术创新能力评价研究

通过对国内外有关产业技术创新能力评价指标体系以及评价方法的学术成果的研究,从技术创新资源投入能力、研究开发能力、经济转化能力三方面构建黑龙江省装备制造业技术创新能力的评价指标体系.用因子分析法建立评价模型,以黑龙江省装备制造业中的7个行业为研究样本,对其技术创新能力进行定量评价和实证分析.     

基于创新驱动的安徽省产业升级能力评价

基于创新驱动视角对安徽省产业升级能力进行评价,研究发现,新时代供给侧改革背景下,产业结构优化升级已成为区域经济高质量发展的重要引擎.针对产业升级要求,立足经济效益、技术创新、结构优化与绿色发展4个维度,构建安徽省产业升级能力评价指标体系.以安徽省2001—2018年相关数据为样本,通过主成分分析法对安徽省产业升级能力进行综合评价.研究结果表明:2001—2018年安徽省产业升级能力呈波动上升态势,其中技术创新对产业升级能力的作用最为凸显,绿色发展表现出一定的滞后性,经济效益与产业升级能力的关联较弱.安徽省创新优势尚未充分发挥,创新成果转化效率仍有待提高.打破创新驱动与产业转型升级之间的障碍,需要从完善区域创新生态体系、优化产业结构、加强创新型人才培养、深化产业绿色发展等方面着手.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.