国家赛艇队2 000 m测功仪成绩分析

测功仪成绩可以作为陆上训练及其专项能力评定的重要指标。通过对国家赛艇队冬训阶段2000m测功仪能力的测试，利用相关百分比模型，比较了国家队男女运动员之间、公开级与轻量级运动员之间存在的差异，并将测功仪成绩差异与水上成绩差异进行了比较。结果表明，考虑体重因素的测功仪相对功率能够反映运动员的实际专项水平。同时将国家队运动员与世界优秀运动员的测功仪成绩进行了比较。     

使用划艇测功仪进行耐酸训练的试验研究

1　测试对象与方法1 .1　测试对象国家集训队 4名运动员 ,省市队 4名运动员 ,年龄 1 7～ 2 2岁 ,训练年限 6年以上。1 .2　测试方法测试采用国产“一峰”牌 M— 2 0 0型划艇测功仪。 M— 2 0 0型测功仪可进行定距、定时测功。本训练计划设定为定时模式 1 min训练 (模拟水上 2 5 0 m训练 )。测试中 ,测功仪观察频率、功率和划行距离的变化 ,自动计算并显示平均桨频和平均功率。从赛前训练第 1 6周开始 ,进行8周的训练 ,每周安排 1次测功仪训练 ,1次水上 2 5 0 m计时训练。测功仪训练的组间歇为 1 5～ 2 0 min,桨频为 6 0桨 /min,运动员的心…     

赛艇测功仪测试结果及初步分析

我们利用全国1991年赛艇锦标赛机会对参加比赛的部分省市运动员在赛艇测功仪做了测试,把运动员测试结果与优秀运动员标准技术指标做了对照比较,并进行了初步分析研究。1 赛艇测功仪在赛艇测功仪上,可以对运动员进行定时测验,并通过计算机采集显示打印划船过程中运动参数,如:功率(w),桨入水角(θ_(?)),桨出水角(θ_g),桨频(S_f)和桨柄速度等。由此诊断赛艇运动员的技术,给教练员指导训练、改进运动员的技术动作提供了可靠的科学     

测功仪训练对皮艇运动员耐酸能力的影响研究

以湖北队8名男子皮艇运动员为研究对象，运用皮艇测功仪进行测试，观察运动员在定量负荷下血乳酸值的变化，以评价测功仪训练对运动员耐酸能力的影响。结果：在周期训练过程中，男子皮艇运动员的平均乳酸阈功率显著提高（P〈0.05）；250m测试成绩显著提高（P〈0.05），个别队员极显著（P〈0.01）。结论：乳酸阈功率显著提高，说明周期训练有效提高了运动员的耐酸能力。     

辽宁女子赛艇运动员备战城运会期间生化监控与训练效果分析

辽宁女子赛艇队备战城运会期间,通过生化监控观察周期训练中运动员血红蛋白（Hb）和血尿素（BUN）的变化情况,应用赛艇测功仪进行最大能力2000m、5000m测试,对阶段训练效果进行评价。结果显示：训练量持续增大是引起运动员Hb下降的主要原因;通过BUN监测可了解运动员大负荷训练后恢复情况;测功仪测试所得功率、心率和乳酸数据,可对运动员阶段训练有效分析。     

多人艇测功仪项目技术解决方案

一、背景分析 目前测功仪都是以单人训练为主，还没有多人训练的专门测功仪，对于多人的训练都是采用多个单人测功仪并列到一起进行训练。其实这种简单的并列方式并没有根本解决多人训练的实际诸多问题。现在还是各自单艇训练，对于训练参数只是进行一些简单的显示和分析，这种方式很难检测技术指标状态和动作协调的问题，对于多人协作和运动员编组都缺少有力的依据，     

皮艇测功仪训练和实验初探

1 前言皮艇测功仪是测验和训练皮艇运动员专项能力的陆上专门仪器。近年来,在皮划艇运动水平较高的国家,如俄罗斯、德国、丹麦、澳大利亚等已经广泛使用了皮艇测功仪,并做了大量科学研究工作。其中,丹麦体育科研人员对40名优秀皮艇运动员进行了测功仪测试,设计出了皮艇运动员测功仪功率水平与专项成绩的相关模式。1989年6月,我国首次引进皮艇测功仪。为了填补我国在此方面研究的空白,在熟悉和掌握该测功仪使用规律的前提下,结合我国运动员的特点,我们对国家集训队男子皮艇运动员进行了2年的系统测试和训练,获得了理想的效果,探索出了一套适合我国国情的实验和训练方法。     

湖北省女子赛艇队测功仪2km测试分析

通过对湖北省女子赛艇队8名运动员进行了测功仪2km测试，分析了她们在体能水平、技术动作、耐力水平、桨频控制能力等方面的现状，发现了存在的问题与不足，提出了下一步训练方向与建议。     

优秀皮划艇运动员测功仪测试研究进展与实践

通过阐述皮划艇测功仪在机能评定、技战术评定、选材与训练手段等中的应用,认为测功仪对促进皮划艇项目的科学化训练提供了客观和精确的评定数据.文章结合国内外的训练和科研实践,提供了测功仪的训练测试方法及相应的评价标准,为皮划艇的训练和科研提供参考.     

武汉市男子赛艇公开级运动员赛前乳酸阈曲线变化分析

以武汉市备战第六届城运会男子赛艇公开级运动员为研究对象，运用赛艇测功仪多级负荷进行测试，测定不同负荷下功率与乳酸值，通过对乳酸阈曲线变化进行详细分析，以评价赛前训练效果及运动员个体能力。结果表明：运动员在体重没有显著性变化的情况下平均乳酸阈功率显著性提高，说明赛前训练有效地提高了运动员的有氧代谢供能能力。     

青年男子举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征

通过分析青年男子举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群的力量参数，探讨肘关节屈伸肌群在举重专项训练中的作用，为预防肘关节损伤及科学训练提供理论依据。采用Cybex—Norm型等速测力与康复系统，在预定角速度90°／s．180°／s和300°／s下对上海举重队9名青年男子举重运动员肘关节进行等速向心屈伸肌力测试。结果发现举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群相对峰力矩、相对总劝和相对平均功率随着运动速度的增大而减小，屈伸肌群峰力矩比值接近1．0。表明举重项目中肘关节屈伸肌群主要功能是维持运动中关节的稳定性，而两侧肘关节同名肌群肌力素质的不均衡性可能是阻碍专项能力韦黾高的重要因素和诱发运动性伤病的潜在因素。     

Validity and reliability of a low-cost digital dynamometer for measuring isometric strength of lower limb

Lower limb isometric strength is a key parameter to monitor the training process or recognise muscle weakness and injury risk. However, valid and reliable methods to evaluate it often require high-cost tools. The aim of this study was to analyse the concurrent validity and reliability of a low-cost digital dynamometer for measuring isometric strength in lower limb. Eleven physically active and healthy participants performed maximal isometric strength for: flexion and extension of ankle, flexion and extension of knee, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal and external rotation of hip. Data obtained by the digital dynamometer were compared with the isokinetic dynamometer to examine its concurrent validity. Data obtained by the digital dynamometer from 2 different evaluators and 2 different sessions were compared to examine its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation (ICC) for validity was excellent in every movement (ICC > 0.9). Intra and inter-tester reliability was excellent for all the movements assessed (ICC > 0.75). The low-cost digital dynamometer demonstrated strong concurrent validity and excellent intra and inter-tester reliability for assessing isometric strength in the main lower limb movements.     

Criterion validity of an isokinetic dynamometer to assess shoulder function in tennis players

Isokinetic dynamometry is used in the assessment and rehabilitation of shoulder function in tennis players. The aim of this study was to validate a newly installed Biodex III Isokinetic Dynamometer for internal and external shoulder rotation. A non-injured male performed this movement which replicates an integral section of the tennis service action (Cohen et al., 1994). Three maximal trials were performed at six randomly assigned angular velocities (0.52, 1.05, 1.57, 2.09, 2.62 and 3.14 rad x s(-1)) with 90 s rest between each set. Trials were recorded using an on-line motion analysis system and kinematic data were obtained. Kinematic angular displacement of the lever arm was slightly greater (> or = 0.01 rad x s(-1)) than for the isokinetic dynamometer at all test angular velocities. Mean angular velocities from the kinematic data were almost identical to those from the isokinetic dynamometer but less than the target values, and this difference (e.g. 2.55 rad x s(-1) at 3.14 rad x s(-1)) was greater at higher angular velocities owing to the greater acceleration phases required. Peak angular velocity was similar on the isokinetic dynamometer to the target values, but substantially less than those from the kinematic data (e.g. 0.68 rad x s(-1) at 0.52 rad x s(-1)). This suggests that the isokinetic data are over-smoothed and may mask important information. In summary, criterion validity of this isokinetic dynamometer is supported for displacement and mean angular velocity, but not for peak angular velocity. Shoulder rotations in tennis are often at angular velocities greater than the Biodex can reproduce, but for the purpose of monitoring the shoulder strength and range of motion of tennis players and providing safe functional rehabilitation, the use of slower angular velocities is acceptable.     

Reliability of Bench Press Velocity-Spectrum Testing

Evaluations were made of the stability reliability of force measurements obtained from an Ariel dynamometer, the test -- retest reliability of force and power data for bench presses using the same dynamometer at multiple velocities, and the logical (face) validity of force and power output using the same instrument and exercise. Stability reliability of the dynamometer was determined from daily duplicate force calibration checks using two standard loads. Intra- and intertest coefficients of variation ranged from 0.07% to 1.16%. The test -- retest reliability of the bench press force and power outputs of 33 young men as well as the logical validity of their bench press force and power outputs were assessed at 0.0, 0.124, 0.496, and 0.868 m · sec^-1, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients for force and power ranged from .95 to .99. Plots for both force and power were similar to those expected for analogous single-joint exercises. Therefore, data presented here support the stability reliability of the dynamometer for force measurements, the reliability of the bench press protocol, and the face validity of force outputs over a velocity spectrum.     

功能性训练在康复体能训练中的应用

通过步态分析、等速力量、功能性动作（FMS）和十字韧带功能测试等综合手段,对运动员进行前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤后的评估,根据得到的结果分析并对进行相应的康复体能训练（包括本体感觉训练、柔韧性训练、平衡训练、核心力量训练和下肢离心力量训练和plyometric爆发力训练）。发现通过针对性的功能性训练,可有效降低运动员ACL损伤的再发生、缩短损伤后竞技能力与运动表现恢复周期,体现了其在康复体能训练方面的价值。     

Isokinetic knee extension and vertical jumping: are they related?

The aim of this study was to examine joint power generation during a concentric knee extension isokinetic test and a squat vertical jump. The isokinetic test joint power was calculated using four different methods. Five participants performed concentric knee extensions at 0.52, 1.57, 3.14 and 5.23 rad x s(-1) on a Lido isokinetic dynamometer. The squat vertical jump was performed on a Kistler force plate. Kinematic data from both tests were collected and analysed using an ELITE optoelectronic system. An inverse dynamics model was applied to measure knee joint moment in the vertical jump. Knee angular position data from the kinematic analysis in the isokinetic test were used to derive the actual knee angular velocity and acceleration, which, in turn, was used to correct the dynamometer moment for inertial effects. Power was measured as the product of angular velocity and moment at the knee joint in both tests. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between mean (+/- s) peak knee joint power in the two tests (squat vertical jump: 2255 +/- 434 W; isokinetic knee extension: 771 +/- 81 W). Correlation analysis revealed that there is no relationship between the peak knee joint power during the vertical jump and the slow velocity isokinetic tests. Higher isokinetic velocity tests show better relationships with the vertical jump but only if the correct method for joint power calculation is used in the isokinetic test. These findings suggest that there are important differences in muscle activation and knee joint power development that must be taken into consideration when isokinetic tests are used to predict jumping performance.     

高原训练对男子赛艇运动员有氧能力的影响

通过对29届奥运会中国男子轻量级赛艇队员，在高原训练前后HB水平变化，多级负荷测试中血乳酸和心率变化，以及6km成绩的变化进行分析。结果发现：队员血液携氧能力、骨骼肌代谢能力和心血管系统的有氧能力均有明显增强。     

Comparison of two methodological approaches for the mechanical analysis of single-joint isoinertial movement using a customised isokinetic dynamometer*

Compared to isokinetic and isometric tests, isoinertial movements have been poorly used to assess single-joint performance. Two calculation procedures were developed to estimate mechanical performance during single-joint isoinertial movements performed on a customised isokinetic dynamometer. The results were also compared to appreciate the effects of measurement systems and calculation procedures. Five participants performed maximal knee extensions at four levels of resistance (30, 50, 70 and 90% of the one-repetition maximum, 1-RM). Joint angular velocity and torque were assessed from customised isokinetic dynamometer measures (method A) and from weight stack kinematic (method B). Bland–Altman plots and mean percent differences (M_diff) were used to assess the level of agreement for mean and peak angular velocity and torque. A Passing–Bablok regression was performed to compare the angular velocity-angle and torque-angle relationships computed from the two analysis methods. The results showed a high level of agreement for all mechanical parameters (M_diff < 6% for all parameters). No statistically significant differences were observed between methods A and B in terms of angular velocity-angle and torque-angle relationships except at 30% of 1-RM for the torque-angle relationship. Both methodologies provide comparable values of angular velocity and torque, offering alternative approaches to assess neuromuscular function from single-joint isoinertial movements.     

Isokinetic knee extension and vertical jumping: Are they related?

The aim of this study was to examine joint power generation during a concentric knee extension isokinetic test and a squat vertical jump. The isokinetic test joint power was calculated using four different methods. Five participants performed concentric knee extensions at 0.52, 1.57, 3.14 and 5.23 rad?·?s^?1 on a Lido isokinetic dynamometer. The squat vertical jump was performed on a Kistler force plate. Kinematic data from both tests were collected and analysed using an ELITE optoelectronic system. An inverse dynamics model was applied to measure knee joint moment in the vertical jump. Knee angular position data from the kinematic analysis in the isokinetic test were used to derive the actual knee angular velocity and acceleration, which, in turn, was used to correct the dynamometer moment for inertial effects. Power was measured as the product of angular velocity and moment at the knee joint in both tests. Significant differences (P <?0.05) were found between mean (?± s) peak knee joint power in the two tests (squat vertical jump: 2255?±?434W; isokinetic knee extension: 771?±?81W). Correlation analysis revealed that there is no relationship between the peak knee joint power during the vertical jump and the slow velocity isokinetic tests. Higher isokinetic velocity tests show better relationships with the vertical jump but only if the correct method for joint power calculation is used in the isokinetic test. These findings suggest that there are important differences in muscle activation and knee joint power development that must be taken into consideration when isokinetic tests are used to predict jumping performance.