5~18岁儿童青少年24 h活动研究:现状、影响因素与健康效应

目的:对5~18岁学龄期儿童青少年的24 h活动研究进行系统综述,总结并归纳现有文献报道的研究特征、研究方法与研究结果。通过系统检索,共有20篇文献纳入本综述,结果发现,平均30.84%、41.32%、45.04%的儿童青少年分别达到了身体活动、屏幕时间、睡眠时长3项指标推荐量,17.56%、46.16%、35.06%、6.85%的儿童青少年分别达到了0、1、2、3项24 h活动指标推荐量。男生的身体活动达标率优于女生,但男生屏幕时间指标达标率普遍低于女生。随着年龄的增长,屏幕时间的达标率显著降低。父母教育程度越高,其子女的24 h达标条数越多。并且,纳入的研究一致发现24 h活动的指标多项达标可以改善儿童青少年不同的健康指标,包括体重状况、心血管健康、心理状况、认知发展、生活质量以及饮食模式。     

5~18岁儿童青少年24 h活动研究:现状、影响因素与健康效应

目的:对5~18岁学龄期儿童青少年的24 h活动研究进行系统综述,总结并归纳现有文献报道的研究特征、研究方法与研究结果。通过系统检索,共有20篇文献纳入本综述,结果发现,平均30.84%、41.32%、45.04%的儿童青少年分别达到了身体活动、屏幕时间、睡眠时长3项指标推荐量,17.56%、46.16%、35.06%、6.85%的儿童青少年分别达到了0、1、2、3项24 h活动指标推荐量。男生的身体活动达标率优于女生,但男生屏幕时间指标达标率普遍低于女生。随着年龄的增长,屏幕时间的达标率显著降低。父母教育程度越高,其子女的24 h达标条数越多。并且,纳入的研究一致发现24 h活动的指标多项达标可以改善儿童青少年不同的健康指标,包括体重状况、心血管健康、心理状况、认知发展、生活质量以及饮食模式。     

儿童青少年24 h活动与肥胖进展的关系——基于上海市318名小学生2年的前瞻性队列研究

目的 探讨24 h活动达标情况与小学生全身性肥胖及中心性肥胖纵向变化的关系。方法 对上海市318名三年级小学生进行为期2年的纵向调查,运用加速度计和问卷测量24 h活动行为,以标准测量仪器测量身高、体质量和腰围,采用配对样本t检验比较连续2年的全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖增长率差异,并以分层线性回归模型分析24 h活动指南达标情况与连续2年肥胖进展的纵向关系。结果 (1)在24 h活动行为中,屏幕时间达标率（79.9%）最高,中高强度身体活动（MVPA）达标率（42.5%）最低,3项活动均达标占比22.6%。(2)小学生的全身性肥胖率和中心性肥胖率随年龄增长不断提升,且全身性肥胖率的进展速度高于中心性肥胖率。(3)MVPA的独立达标能有效控制小学生全身性及中心性肥胖的进展,而屏幕时间与睡眠时长达标率与肥胖进展无显著相关性;身体活动与屏幕时间组合、睡眠时长与屏幕时间组合达标率均与全身性肥胖进展呈负相关,而身体活动与睡眠时长组合与中心性肥胖进展呈负相关。结论 MVPA达标率是小学生肥胖进展的独立影响因素,24 h活动不同行为组合达标会减缓儿童青少年肥胖进展,未来应通过增加儿童青少年的身体活动时间...     

幼儿24h活动行为对基本动作技能影响的成分等时替代效益

目的 应用成分数据分析方法研究幼儿24 h活动行为（24-hour Movement Behavior）与基本动作技能（Fundamental Movement Skills,FMS）之间的关联,以及各活动行为间等时替代后幼儿FMS的预期变化。方法 采用ActiGraph wGT3-BT加速度计测量323名3～6岁幼儿（男童181名,女童142名）的身体活动（Physical Activity,PA)、静态行为（Sedentary Behaviour,SB)数据,采用美国大肌肉动作发展测试第3版工具（Test of Gross Motor Development,TGMD-3）测量FMS,睡眠时间由父母报告,成分数据的描述性统计分析、多元线性模型和等时替代均采用R软件完成。结果 (1)幼儿24 h活动时间分布与动作发展关联紧密,中高强度身体活动（Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity,MVPA）在成分之间分布相对稳定,与低强度身体活动（Light Physical Activity,LPA）转换的可能性更大;(2)幼儿MVPA对移动技能和总动作技能...     

24小时活动行为对学龄前儿童执行功能影响的成分等时替代效益研究

对湖南省株洲市209名3～6岁学龄前儿童展开横断面调查,通过加速度计测量24 h活动,采用学龄前儿童执行功能问卷父母版评估学龄前儿童执行功能水平,运用成分数据和等时替代模型方法分析24 h活动时间占比与学龄前儿童执行功能的关系,以及24 h活动行为时间重新分配与执行功能的预期变化。结果显示：(1)MVPA时间占比与学龄前儿童执行功能总分呈显著负相关(β₁⁽(4))=-5.45, P=0.03), LPA时间占比与学龄前儿童执行功能总分也呈显著负相关(β₁⁽(4))=-10.67,P<0.001),睡眠时间占比与学龄前儿童执行功能总分呈显著正相关(β₁⁽(4))=15.30,P<0.001),久坐行为时间占比与学龄前儿童执行功能总分无相关性。(2)15 min等时替代模型预测变化显示,MVPA替换其他活动行为后,学龄前儿童执行功能总分均显著下降,反之则上升,且MVPA与其他3种活动行为时间重新分配对执行功能的等时替代效益具有不对称性;在所有替代中...     

基于成分数据分析的24h活动与儿童基本动作技能的关系

采用成分数据分析方法探究儿童24 h活动与基本动作技能的关系，以及24 h活动时间之间重新分配与基本动作技能的“剂量-效应”特征。对浙江省金华市327名6～10岁儿童展开横断面调查，采用加速度计测量24 h活动，采用大肌肉动作发展测试第3版测量FMS，运用成分数据分析方法分析24 h活动时间占比、重新分配与基本动作技能的关系。结果显示：(1)控制年龄、性别和身体质量指数后，中高强度身体活动时间占比与儿童的FMS显著正相关(β=4.155,P<0.01)，久坐行为时间占比与FMS显著负相关(β=-6.926,P<0.01)，睡眠和低强度身体活动时间占比与FMS均无显著相关。(2)MVPA替代其他行为(LPA、SED、睡眠)可显著提升儿童FMS水平，反之则降低，且两者之间的相互替代具有不对称性；睡眠替代SED也会提升FMS水平，反之则降低；在所有替代中，MVPA替代SED对FMS的促进效应最佳。(3)睡眠时间占比以及与MVPA之间的相互替代与操控技能正相关，与位移技能无显著性相关；同时，MVPA与其他行为之间的相互替代对于操控技能的影响均高于位移技能。研究认为：学校与家庭应关注...     

我国慢性病患者身体活动水平及相关性研究

目的：探讨我国慢性病患者身体活动水平及其相关性。方法：采用国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)对全国1018名慢性病患者进行网络问卷调查,采用SPSSAU官网进行频数统计、非参数检验、多因素logistic回归分析等。结果：(1)本次调查对象慢性病人群患高血压占比最多,为68.63%;其次为糖尿病,占比45.69%;高血脂占比最少,占比33.81%。(2)我国慢性病人群一周身体活动总量中位数为1732.906MET-mins(P25,P75:860.5,2928.0MET-mins),身体活动处于低水平的占24.26%,中水平占52.90%,高水平占22.84%。(3)不同年龄组、BMI、治疗情况、坐姿及睡眠时长、身体活动对自身的疗效评价、其他类型慢病患与否的人群一周身体活动总量差异有统计学意义。(4)多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=0.443,95%CI:0.276～0.710)、工作日坐姿时间(OR=2.526,95%CI:1.335～4.779)、工作日睡眠时间(OR=0.156,95%CI:0.053～0.452)是影响身体活动水平的相关因素;男性(OR=2.054,95%CI:1.3...     

体力活动对儿童青少年执行功能和人生益处影响的研究进展

【目的】总结儿童青少年体力活动实验研究中使用的执行功能测试方法、形式和特征,为未来的研究。并对检索到的文献中体力活动对儿童青少年执行功能和相关人生益处影响的研究进展做出综述。【方法】检索4个数据库(Pubmed数据库、EBSCOhost数据库、中国知网数据库、万方数据库),时间为2021年12月。符合以下标准的研究有资格入选:实验研究设计：5-18岁的健康儿童青少年;利用体力活动;使用基于表现的执行功能测试。抽取执行功能测试的报告、操作特点、实验设计的特点。【结果】纳入的研究(n=21),在纳入的21项研究中,采用了32项独特的认知测试。有11项研究（52.3%）采用了运动干预时间周期超过一周以上的纵向体育运动计划,另外10项（47.7%）则采用了一次性的且运动总时间不超过3小时的急性运动干预。60.0%的急性研究对被试的运动干预内容采取了单独进行的形式,而91.0%的纵向研究却采取了小组形式的运动干预。共报告了61项测试。81.0%的测试是通过计算机实施的;干预变量的为运动类型7项（33.3%）,运动剂量14项（66.6%）。【结论】文章纳入研究对执行测试过程时间的控制是主要的局限性...     

时间使用流行病学在身体活动研究领域的应用

身体活动与健康促进是公共卫生及运动科学领域研究的重点方向之一。个体一日24 h由睡眠、久坐及各种强度的身体活动组成,已有研究多从单一维度探讨这些行为对健康的影响,忽视了身体活动、久坐、睡眠等行为之间的内在联系及对健康结果的综合影响,可能使相应行为与健康效应间的关联产生偏差。时间使用流行病学研究方法的引入克服了这一不足。以“时间分配”作为切入点,综述国际学术界关于身体活动、久坐和睡眠行为对健康影响的研究现状,并系统阐述了等时替代研究方法、活动-平衡模型、时间使用流行病学的发展及其研究框架。基于此,展望了时间使用流行病学相关理论在身体活动研究领域的应用前景:1、开发新式测量工具并完善数据收集和分析方法;2、建立有关时间使用模式的综合评价体系;3、制订我国大众人群的活动-平衡时间分配推荐指南方案。     

大学新生身体活动现状的调查——以华中师范大学为例

目的了解大学新生一周身体活动现状。方法选取在校非体育专业新生采用国际体力活动问卷进行身体活动评估,涉及静坐、散步、慢跑、逛街、家务等16种主要活动形式,涵盖静止、轻、中和高强度4种类型。结果 1)68.4%以上学生每天以静态生活方式为主,超300 min;仅有18.3%学生达每日75min的中高强度国家身体活动推荐量。2)女生静坐少动时长高于男生,男生中高强度身体活动时间高于女生。3)文科生工作日静坐少动时长较理科生高,理科生中高强度身体活动时间较文科生长。结论男生比女生、理科生比文科生的中高强度身体活动水平更高,应针对不同特征群体提供每周锻炼活动指导方案。     

Meeting 24-h movement guidelines: Prevalence,correlates, and the relationships with overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents

BackgroundMeeting 24-h movement guidelines by children and adolescents has been associated with improved indicators of health, although it has been under-studied in China. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, its correlates, and its relationships with body mass index in children and adolescents in China.MethodsCross-sectional data from the 2017 Youth Study in China of 114,072 children and adolescents (mean age = 13.75 years, 49.18% boys) were used. Meeting 24-h movement guidelines (≥60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤2 h of daily leisure screen time, 9–11 h and 8–10 h nightly sleep duration for 6–13-year-olds and 14–17-year-olds, respectively) and height and weight of all participants were assessed. The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and World Health Organization weight status categories were determined. Generalized linear models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and the relationships of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB).ResultsOnly 5.12% of Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines, and 22.44% were classified as OW/OB. Older children and adolescents were less likely to meet the 24-h movement guidelines. Parental education level and family income were positively related to meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines showed lower odds ratios for OW/OB. Compared with participants meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, boys in 4th–6th grades met none of the recommendations (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.06–1.40), met the screen time recommendation only (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01–1.28), met the nightly sleep duration recommendation only (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.03–1.28), and had significantly higher odds ratios for OW/OB. Similar trends were observed for girls in 4th–6th grades: meeting none of the guidelines (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.14–1.59), meeting sleep duration guidelines only (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.08–1.39), and meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity + nightly sleep duration guidelines (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01–1.54). For girls in 7th–9th grades, the following trend was observed: meeting none of the guidelines (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.01–1.67).ConclusionVery few Chinese children and adolescents met the 24-h movement guidelines. Age (negatively correlated), parental education level, and family income (both positively correlated) were correlates of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Children and adolescents meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB, especially in the youngest age group (Grades 4–6); and girls in the middle age group (Grades 7–9) were also more likely to have lower risks for OW/OB. Further research studies should explore additional correlates and determinants for meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Also, future studies should use longitudinal or interventional designs to determine the relationships between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and OW/OB and other health indicators, while taking sex and age differences into account.     

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in children with mental,behavioral, and developmental disorders: Data from the 2016–2020 National Survey of Children's Health

BackgroundAdopting a healthy lifestyle during childhood could improve physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood and reduce relevant disease burdens. However, the lifestyles of children with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) remains under-described within the literature of public health field. This study aimed to examine adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among children with MBDDs compared to population norms and whether these differences are affected by demographic characteristics.MethodsData were from the 2016–2020 National Survey of Children's Health—A national, population-based, cross-sectional study. We used the data of 119,406 children aged 6–17 years, which included 38,571 participants with at least 1 MBDD and 80,835 without. Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines was measured using parent-reported physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration.ResultsAmong children with MBDDs, 20.3%, 37.0%, 60.7%, and 77.3% met the physical activity, screen time, sleep, and at least 1 of the 24-hour movement guidelines. These rates were lower than those in children without MBDDs (22.8%, 46.2%, 66.7%, and 83.4%, respectively; all p < 0.001). Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet these guidelines (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.13–1.30; OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.29–1.45; OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.21–1.37; OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.35–1.56) than children without MBDDs. Children with emotional disorders had the highest odds of not meeting these guidelines (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.29–1.57; OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.37–1.60; OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.39–1.61; OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.57–1.88) in comparison to children with other MBDDs. Among children aged 12–17 years, the difference in proportion of meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines for children with vs. children without MBDD was larger than that among children aged 6–11 years. Furthermore, the above difference of meeting physical activity guidelines in ethnic minority children was smaller than that in white children.ConclusionChildren with MBDDs were less likely to meet individual or combined 24-hour movement guidelines than children without MBDDs. In educational and clinical settings, the primary focus should be on increasing physical activity and limiting screen time in children aged 12–17 years who have MBDDs; and specifically for white children who have MBDDs, increasing physical activity may help.     

Associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and academic achievement in Australian primary school-aged children

BackgroundFew studies have investigated associations between academic achievement and meeting recommendations from the 24-hour (24-h) movement guidelines. The specific guidelines associated with the most benefit academic achievement are unknown. Utilizing both self-report and objective movement data, this study examined associations between academic achievement and meeting individual recommendations and combinations of recommendations from the 24-h movement guidelines (sleep, physical activity, and screen time).MethodsData from CheckPoint, a cross-sectional study nested between Waves 6 and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, were used. Movement behaviors were measured using 24-h wrist-worn accelerometry (GENEActiv (Activinsights, Kimbolton, UK)) and were self-reported by children using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents. Academic achievement was measured using a nationally administered standardized test in literacy and numeracy. Analysis of covariance, with t tests with sequential Bonferroni adjustments, was used to compare academic achievement with all possible combinations of meeting recommendations, adjusting for demographic confounders. Two models were considered: guideline compliance assessed by self-report (n = 1270, mean age = 11.99 years, 52% males) and by accelerometry (for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sleep)) and self-report (screen time) in combination (n = 927, mean age = 11.97 years, 52% males).ResultsLiteracy achievement significantly differed based on self-report (F_{(7, 1258)} = 3.08, p = 0.003) and accelerometer derived (F_{(7, 915)} = 2.40, p = 0.02) guideline compliance. Numeracy achievement significantly differed based on self-report (F _{(7, 1258)} = 2.92, p = 0.005) but not accelerometer derived guideline compliance (F_{(7, 915)} = 0.80, p = 0.58). When assessed by self-report, children who met all guidelines (t ₍₃₃₄₎ = ?4.05, p = 0.0001) or met the screen time and sleep guidelines in combination (t ₍₁₂₅₎ = ?5.02, p < 0.001) had superior literacy achievement. Meeting the self-report MVPA guideline in any combination was associated with higher numeracy scores (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses showed no differences in academic achievement for any category of accelerometer derived guideline compliance.ConclusionThe findings suggest that limiting recreational screen time is important for literacy achievement and that encouraging compliance with the MVPA guideline is important for numeracy achievement.     

The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

BackgroundNew research suggests that the composition (mix) of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the lifespan. Consistent with this integrated movement behavior paradigm, a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age groups. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors, or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines, and multiple health indicators across the lifespan.MethodsFive online databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria, with no study design limits. The methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.ResultsA total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria. A total of 31 studies examined adherence (meeting vs. not meeting) to 24-h movement guidelines, and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors. Findings indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were (1) not associated with adiposity among toddlers, (2) favorably associated with health-related quality of life, social-cognitive development, and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers, (3) favorably associated with global cognition, health-related quality of life, and healthy dietary patterns in children, and (4) favorably associated with adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic, mental, social, and emotional health among children and youth. Significant associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of (1) adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers, (2) health-related quality of life among children, (3) adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic, social, and emotional health among children and youth, (4) cardiometabolic health in adults, (5) adiposity and fitness among adults and older adults, and (6) mental health and risk of mortality among older adults. The quality of the available evidence ranged from poor to good.ConclusionThe current evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health at all ages and that meeting the current 24-h movement guidelines is associated with a number of desirable health indicators in children and youth. Future studies should employ longitudinal and experimental designs, include valid and reliable measures of 24-h movement behaviors, and examine a wide array of health indicators across all age groups. Such studies would confirm the results from the primarily cross-sectional evidence drawn from studies included in our review and further advance our understanding of the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and health.     

Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines during middle adolescence and their association with glucose outcomes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to determine the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during middle adolescence and glucose outcomes(glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in adulthood,14 and 22 years later.Methods:We analyzed data from apparently healthy adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in Waves Ⅰ and Ⅱ(1994-1996,n=14,738),Wave Ⅳ(2008-2009,n=8913),and Wave V(2016-2018,n=3457) of the National Longitudinal Study o...     

Prevalence of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 387,437 participants and 23 countries

BackgroundMeeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) has been associated with positive health indicators. However, there are no previous meta-analyses that have examined the overall adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence across the world. Therefore, the main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the overall (non)adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among preschoolers, children, and adolescents worldwide.MethodsFour electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched for quantitative studies published in Spanish and English between January 2016 and May 2021. Studies that were conducted with apparently healthy participants and reported the overall (non)adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in preschoolers and/or children and/or adolescents were included.ResultsSixty-three studies comprising 387,437 individuals (51% girls) aged 3–18 years from 23 countries were included. Overall, 7.12% (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 6.45%–7.78%) of youth met all three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, and 19.21% (95%CI: 16.73%–21.69%) met none of the 3 recommendations. Concerning sex, adherence to all recommendations was significantly lower in girls (3.75%, 95%CI: 3.23%–4.27%) than in boys (6.89%, 95%CI: 5.89%–7.89%) (p < 0.001). However, there were no sex differences regarding adherence to any of the 3 individual recommendations (girls, 15.66%, 95%CI: 8.40%–22.92%; boys, 12.95%, 95%CI: 6.57%–19.33%). In terms of age group, adherence to the 3 recommendations was 11.26% (95%CI: 8.68%–13.84%), 10.31% (95%CI: 7.49%–13.12%), and 2.68% (95%CI: 1.78%–3.58%) in preschoolers, children, and adolescents, respectively. Conversely, 8.81% (95%CI: 5.97%–11.64%) of preschoolers, 15.57% (95%CI: 11.60%–19.54%) of children, and 28.59% (95%CI: 22.42%–34.75%) of adolescents did not meet any of the recommendations. South America was the region with the lowest adherence (all: 2.93%; none: 31.72%). Overall adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was positively related to country Human Development Index (β = –0.37, 95%CI: –0.65 to –0.09; p = 0.010).ConclusionMost young people fail to meet the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, particularly adolescents, girls, and those who are from countries with a lower Human Development Index. Moreover, 1 in 5 young people did not meet any of these recommendations. Therefore, these results highlight the need to develop age- and sex-specific strategies to promote these movement behaviors from the early stages of life.     

Twenty-four-hour movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills in preschool children: A compositional and isotemporal substitution analysis

ABSTRACT

Studies that have analysed the association between the different movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) have considered it in an independent manner, disregarding the compositional nature of 24-h movement behaviours (24-h MB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 24-h MB and FMS in preschoolers using a compositional data analysis . Two hundred and four preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.8 years old; 101 boys) provided objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS (TGMD-2). Sleep duration (SD) was reported by parents. Association of daily composition of movement behaviours with FMS was explored using compositional analysis and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When considered as a 24-h MB composition (PA, SB and SD), adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the composition predicted locomotor (r² = 0.31), object control (r² = 0.19), and total motor score (r² = 0.35), respectively (all P < 0.001). Reallocation of time from light to moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with greatest positive changes in total motor score. Achieving adequate balance between movement behaviours over the 24-h period, and its relationship with locomotor and object control skills should be considered and further investigated in early childhood.     

Six-year trends and intersectional correlates of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among South Korean adolescents: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2013–2018

BackgroundGrounded in intersectionality theory, this study examined the 6-year prevalence trend and correlates in meeting Canada's 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (Guidelines hereafter) in a nationally representative adolescent samples of South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea).MethodsSelf-reported, annually repeated cross-sectional data collected between 2013 and 2018 were used (n = 372,433, 12–17 years old, 47.9% females). Adolescents were categorized as meeting or not meeting different sets of physical activity, screen time (ST), and sleep recommendations within the Guidelines, separately for weekdays and weekend days. Intersectional correlates included sex and social class (i.e., family economic status, parental education level, and academic performance). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, the proportion of adolescents meeting physical activity, ST, and sleep recommendations were 5.3%, 60.3%, and 10.2% on weekdays and 5.3%, 28.2%, and 46.4% on weekend days, respectively. Between 2013 and 2018, no substantial changes were observed for meeting the physical activity or sleep recommendation, while meeting the ST recommendation was markedly lower in 2018. The proportion of meeting all 3 recommendations were 0.5% for weekdays and 0.8% for weekend days. Overall, compared to female adolescents, male adolescents were consistently associated with more favorable patterns of meeting different sets of recommendations, regardless of social class. Among females only, social class appeared to be not important or even detrimental in meeting different sets of recommendations. Being male, compounded with social class, was associated with meeting the ST recommendation.ConclusionLess than 1% of Korean adolescents met the overall Guidelines. Intersectionality-based analysis and intervention may be important in promoting healthy active lifestyles among South Korean adolescents.