安徽省3种药用菊花总黄酮含量比较

比较安徽省3种药用菊花总黄酮含量差异,为药用菊花应用开发提供依据。以芦丁为标准品,检测波长为506nm,采用紫外一可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。结果表明,总黄酮在0mg／L-100mg／L与吸光值呈良好线性关系,回归方程A=0．0133C-0．0131,R^2=0．9993。3种药用菊花总黄酮含量滁菊〉贡菊〉亳菊。     

野生豆腐柴叶总黄酮抗氧化活性研究

应用回流法和AB-8大孔树脂动态吸附与解吸附法分别得到豆腐柴叶总黄酮粗提液和纯化液,研究了豆腐柴叶总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,豆腐柴叶总黄酮粗提液、纯化液对DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基、O-2·自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力与其浓度呈正相关。在相同质量浓度下,豆腐柴叶总黄酮粗提液和纯化液对自由基清除能力依次为:DPPH·>ABTS+>O-2·>·OH,且纯化液更为显著。野生豆腐柴叶总黄酮具有很好的抗氧化活性。     

滁菊总黄酮提取纯化工艺研究

目的：优选滁菊总黄酮提取纯化工艺条件。方法：以滁菊总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用正交试验设计法优选滁菊总黄酮提取的工艺条件;比较D-101型大孔树脂优选滁菊总黄酮纯化的工艺条件。结果：最佳提取工艺条件为70％乙醇,料液比l：20,提取时间为1．5h,提取温度为60℃;最佳纯化工艺条件为上样液浓度29．75mg／mL,70％乙醇为洗脱剂,流速1BV／h,洗脱剂用量120mL。结论：本方法可以作为滁菊总黄酮提取和纯化的工艺条件。     

不同产地的4种药用菊花成分差异与其影响因素

采用比色法测定菊花中总黄酮、总酚、总糖含量;HPLC测定7种黄酮类成分、绿原酸和3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸、游离糖类及游离氨基酸的含量;GC-MS分析挥发油的成分。结果表明,贡菊、滁菊、亳菊和杭菊中几类成分含量有一定的差异。遗传和生态因子是造成不同种源和不同产地的药用菊花成分差异的主要因素。     

杭白菊与黄山贡菊中微量元素的测定

用原子吸收光谱法对杭白菊（Chrysanchemum morifolitm Ramat）及黄山贡菊（Dendranthemamor folium）的Zn,Mn,Cu,Mg和Ph等微量元素进行了测定分析．该方法的标准曲线相关系数为0．99554～0．99986,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于2％．结果表明：杭白菊与黄山贡菊中Fe,Ca,Mg的含量均较高,黄山贡菊Ca,Zn,Cu,Mn含量较高,尤其是Mn．测定水洗后菊花和未水洗菊花中的微量元素含量可为人们日常饮用菊花的方式提供依据．     

滁菊总黄酮和滁菊多糖配伍体内外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究滁菊总黄酮(TFCC)和滁菊多糖(PCC)配伍体内外抗氧化活性。方法:采用回流提取法提取TFCC,大孔树脂进行纯化;采用水提醇沉法提取PCC,savage法进行纯化;测定TFCC和PCC含量,观察TFCC和PCC不同比例配伍对DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、ABTS~+·清除率和Fe~(3+)相对还原力的影响,优选TFCC和PCC抗氧化活性最佳配伍比例。将50只老年小鼠随机分为TFCC+PCC组(40 mg/kg+60 mg/kg)、TFCC组(40 mg/kg)、PCC组(60 mg/kg)、维生素E组(200 mg/kg)和正常对照组,采用灌胃方式给药,连续14 d,1次/d,观察TFCC和PCC配伍对老年小鼠血清和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果:TFCC含量为722.41 mg/g,PCC含量为626.32 mg/g。TFCC和PCC 2∶3配伍体外抗氧化活性最强,其中DPPH自由基清除率为92.13%,羟自由基清除率为86.76%,ABTS~+·清除率88.23%,Fe~(3+)相对还原力为102.73%。TFCC和PCC配伍能显著升高老年小鼠血清和肝脏SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA水平,且活性明显强于单用TFCC或PCC。结论:TFCC和PCC 2∶3配伍体外抗氧化活性最强,体内实验亦证实该比例配伍抗氧化活性具有协同作用。     

安徽三大药用菊花矿物元素和重金属的检测

比较滁菊、贡菊和亳菊三种产于安徽的药用菊花矿物质元素和重金属的含量。使用HNO3-HClO4体系消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定菊花中Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mg、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ag 9种金属元素。结果表明,菊花中富含矿物元素Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mg,部分产地菊花中重金属含量偏高。该方法的加标回收率为96.00%~104.50%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.35%,方法稳定,结果准确可靠。结论:菊花中矿物元素和重金属的含量与生长环境有一定的关系。     

黄山贡菊挥发油化学成分及体外抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析黄山贡菊挥发油化学成分,并以金属离子螯合作用和亚硝酸钠、ABTS自由基的清除作用评价黄山贡菊挥发油体外抗氧化活性.结果表明从黄山贡菊挥发油中鉴定86种化合物,占挥发油总量的80.05％,化学成分以单萜、倍半萜及其衍生物为主.20％挥发油对金属离子有明显螯合作用,螯合效果优于0.1 mg/mLE DTA;对亚硝酸钠、ABTS自由基有明显的清除作用,清除效果分别优于1mg/mLBHT和0.1 mg/mLVC.黄山贡菊挥发油含有多种有应用价值的化学成分,具有较好体外抗氧化活性.     

射阳胎菊中樟脑的提取与测定

采用索氏提取法、超声提取法提取菊花中的樟脑,以毛细管气相色谱内标法测定菊花中樟脑的含量。色谱条件：柱温120％,进样口温度140℃,检测器温度250℃,分流比100：1。樟脑的线性回归方程Y=3．533X＋0．0264（R^2=0．9992）,射阳胎菊中樟脑的含量为0．0467％,标准偏差为0．18％,变异系数为3．85％,作对比的黄山贡菊中樟脑含量为0．0468％。射阳胎菊的回收率为99．53％。该方法简便,可行,重现性好,可用于菊花中樟脑含量的测定。     

金莲花总黄酮纯化研究

目的:利用正交试验,优选金莲花总黄酮的纯化方法.方法:以总黄酮含量为考查指标,选择大孔吸附树脂、乙醇浓度、上样量、洗脱速度和吸附时间五个实验因素,采用L16(45)正交实验表进行实验,筛选出总黄酮的最佳纯化工艺.结果:影响金莲花总黄酮含量的主要因素是乙醇浓度,其次是大孔吸附树脂的类型.按最佳方案纯化,总黄酮含量可达到69.1%.结论:最佳纯化方法为:采用大孔吸附树脂D-101,以50%乙醇洗脱,最佳上样量10mL,吸附时间20min,洗脱速度2.0 mL·min-1.     

紫外分光光度法测定雪菊中总黄酮的含量

目的:测定雪菊中总黄酮含量。方法:将雪菊分别用60%乙醇加热回流提取三次,以芦丁为标准品,用紫外分光光度法测定雪菊中总黄酮的含量。结果:利用紫外分光光度法测得总黄酮含量为20.74%。结论:雪菊的总黄酮含量比其它菊花要高。     

滁菊中水溶性总黄酮的稳定性分析

考察滁菊中总黄酮的提取方法及其稳定性。采用紫外分光光度法,考察在常温贮放和光照条件下滁菊中总黄酮的含量变化及降解率。在30～60℃温度范围内降解缓慢;常温贮放有一定降解;在光照条件下滁菊总黄酮降解较为显明。滁菊水提液适应贮存,但需避光保存。     

黄柳菇总黄酮对过度训练大鼠抗氧化防御体系的影响

研究通过建立大鼠过度训练模型,观察黄柳菇总黄酮对过度训练大鼠运动能力及抗氧化防御体系的影响．研究结果表明,黄柳菇总黄酮千预下大鼠运动时间明显长于过度训练组,且各组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于过度训练组（P〈0．05）,而超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性则显著高于过度训练组（P〈0．05）．研究认为,黄柳菇总黄酮具有提高大鼠运动能力的作用,其机制可能与黄柳菇总黄酮通过提高大鼠抗氧化能力,改善运动大鼠抗氧化防御体系有关．     

《辨骚篇》“博徒”、“四异”终究是“褒词”——李定广先生《求新须先求真》商榷文之商榷

李定广先生回护旧说,认为拙文<正诠>释"博徒"、"四异"为"褒美之词","观点虽新却失真","属断章取义的曲解",并认为刘勰在<楚辞>的评价上"存在深刻的矛盾".笔者立足于<辩骚篇>文本的精细解读,反省自己,参酌时贤,据理商榷,多层次、多角度、全方位论定"博徒"、"四异"仍是"褒词".刘勰将"博徒"与"英杰"对喻<楚辞>,正好体现了<楚辞>"四同"、"四异"思想与艺术的审美特征.此乃刘勰理想的创作原则与境界.故刘勰力荐<楚辞>为后世诗赋创作之典范.<辨骚篇>"博徒"、"四异"终究是"褒词".     

Phytochemical composition,biological potential and enzyme inhibition activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scandix pecten-veneris</Emphasis> L.

Objective

Scandix pecten-veneris L. is a less studied wild edible herb and is considered an extinct plant species in many parts of the world. This study was designed to evaluate its phytochemical composition and biological potential of S. pecten-veneris L.

Methods

Phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins were determined in extracts of S. pecten-veneris. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while reducing power was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and four fungal strains was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay. Enzymes inhibition study was performed for urease, phosphodiesterase-I, and catalase-II.

Results

S. pecten-veneris showed moderate antiradical activity and reducing potential of hydroxyl radicals to about 20% of the initial value. The antioxidant activity of various extracts of S. pecten-veneris showed a linear correlation with total phenolic contents in the order of water>n-butanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate>methanol extracts. S. pecten-veneris leaves showed the highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus while the highest antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans. The plant extract was most potent against urease enzymes but showed moderate activity against phosphodiestrase-I and carbonic anhydrase-II.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that in addition to its culinary uses, S. pecten-veneris has good medicinal potential and hence could be used for treating some specific health ailments.

     

菊诗与菊文化

菊意象进入中国古典文学,显得历史悠久、源远流长。由菊之物理特性,逐渐过渡到菊之精神品性,这其实就是一种历史文化心理的漫长积淀。有唐一代是咏菊文学的发展壮大时期,而宋王朝则是咏菊文学的巅峰时期、骄傲时期。菊诗可以写一种高雅脱俗、隐逸退让的道德文化,可以写一种外柔内刚、凌风傲霜的君子品节,菊诗还反映出一种积极进取、自强不息的尚健精神。     

柚皮、豆渣、杭白菊的超声提取物抗氧化性能比较研究

以杭白菊、柚皮、豆渣的超声提取物为研究对象,通过油脂氧化实验和清除羟自由基作用体系,分析比较了三者的抗氧化能力,并且分别以柠檬酸和抗坏血酸为添加剂进一步研究了其增效作用,结果显示抗坏血酸的增效作用较为明显.     

Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids after in vitro digestion

Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal glucose production. Plant-derived natural antioxidant molecules are considered a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. The objective of this study was to identify tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids and evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated the presence of rutin as a major component and quercitrin as a minor component of both digested and non-digested flavonoids. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity, but digested flavonoids showed reduced activity compared to non-digested. There were some decreases of the antioxidant activities (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of digested tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids compared with non-digested. Flavonoids from both groups significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and α-glucosidase activity. Both digested and non-digested flavonoids markedly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in HepG2 cells. Tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids showed appreciable antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, even after digestion. Tartary buckwheat rice appears to be a promising functional food with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.