Silicon carbide nanotubes with special morphology prepared by super critical hvdrothermal method and photoluminescence character

Silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) with special morphology synthesized by supercritical hydrothermal method at 470 ℃ and 8 MPa have been reported in this paper.SiCNTs with special morphology were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM).There are two kinds of silicon carbide with special morphology:One is oval SiCNTs with small aspect ratio,the other is bamboo cone-shape structure.SiCNTs have been analyzed by fluorescence spectrometer.The results indicate that the SiCNTs have strong photoluminescence (PL) property.The SiCNTs with oval shape are one kind of intermediate state of growth process of nanotube.The growth mechanism of silicon nanotubes has been proposed based on experiment data.The investigations of growth mechanism of SiCNTs with bamboo structure show that the defect produced in the growth process play the important role in SiCNTs with special structure.     

短碳纳米管的制备

本文利用活性碳、氧化硅和二茂铁的混合物通过气相高温的方法在石英衬底上制备了直径在30～100mm、长约为1μm的短碳纳米管,并通过扫描电镜、投射电镜、电子衍射以及EDS对碳纳米管的形貌及成分进行分析。并对短碳纳米管的形成作了讨论．     

氮在碳纳米管结构变化中的作用

利用等离子体增强热丝化学气相沉积制备了碳纳米管，并用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对生长的碳纳米管进行了表征。发现用CH4和H2制备的是空芯碳纳米管，而在反应气体中加入NH3后，生长的碳纳米管是竹节型结构的碳纳米管，表明氮在碳纳米管的结构变化过程中起到了重要的作用。根据氮对碳在催化剂中的扩散影响，分析了氮在碳纳米管结构发生变化过程中的作用。     

Sintering and microstructure of silicon carbide ceramic with Y3Al5O12 added by sol-gel method

Silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic with YAG (Y3Al5O12) additive added by sol-gel method was liquid-phase sintered at different sintering temperatures, and the sintering mechanism and microstructural characteristics of resulting silicon carbide ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental distribution of surface (EDS). YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) phase formed before the sintering and its uniform distribution in the SiC/YAG composite powder decreased the sintering temperature and improved the densification of SiC ceramic. The suitable sintering temperature was 1860 ℃ with the specimen sintered at this temperature having superior sintering and mechanical properties, smaller crystal size and fewer microstructure defects. Three characteristics of improved toughness of SiC ceramic with YAG added by sol-gel method were microstructural densification, main-crack deflection and crystal ‘bridging‘.     

单步微波多元醇法合成Pt／DCNT异质结构

为了获得高负载、单分散的Pt／DCNTs异质结构,提出一种单步微波加热多元醇的方法．分别利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了Pt／DCNT异质结构的形貌及成分．同时样品的拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）表明：在微波处理下的双壁碳纳米管表面上有大量的缺陷或功能团产生,而它们的产生是Pt纳米粒子沿着双壁碳纳米管骨架成核与生长的关键因素．     

高体积分数铝基复合材料制备工艺的研究

阐述了压铸法制备SiC/Al铝基复合材料的工艺,测试了碳化硅的粒径特性,并对碳化硅颗粒微观形貌进行了观察,采用湿法制备了碳化硅体积分数为60%碳化硅预制件素坯,并用该素坯制备了SiC/Al铝基复合材料。     

Fibrous TiO2 prepared by chemical vapor deposition using activated carbon fibers as template via adsorption, hydrolysis and calcinations

TiO2 fibers were prepared via alternatively introducing water vapor and Ti precursor carried by Ne to an APCVD (chemical vapor deposition under atmospheric pressure) reactor at <200 ℃. Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were used as templates for deposition and later removed by calcinations. The obtained catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brtmauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysisThe pores within TiO2 fibers included micro-range and meso-range, e.g., 7 nm, and the specific surface areas for TiO2 fibers were 141 m2/g and 148 m2/g for samples deposited at 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ (using ACF1700 as template), respectively. The deposition temperature significantly influenced TiO2 morphology. The special advantages of this technique for preparing porous nano-material include no consumption of organic solvent in the process and easy control of deposition conditions and speeds.     

SURFACE MORPHOLOGIES OF ALUMINUM FILMS ON SILICONE OIL SURFACES

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Surface morphologies of aluminum films on silicone oil surfaces

The surface morphology and growth mechanism of an aluminum film system deposited on silicone oil surfaces by a vapor depositing method was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the perpendicular fluctuation of the film's bottom surface was more remarkable than that of the film's top surface. Near the joint between the film on the silicone oil substrate and the film on the silicon wafer surface on which the silicone oil substrate rested, was a naturally formed anomalous wedge-shaped wrinkly structure with slopes of 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵ rad, whose growth mechanism could be interpreted under the assumption of the thermal expansion behavior of the liquid substrates. Project supported by NSFC (No. 19874016) and the Special Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists (Grant No. 1997RC9603).     

IR study on surface chemical properties of catalytic grown carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

In this study, the surface chemical properties of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） and carbon nanofibers （CNFs） grown by catalytic decomposition of methane on nickel and cobalt based catalysts were studied by DRIFT （Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform） and transmission Infrared （IR） spectroscopy. The results show that the surface exists not only carbon-hydrogen groups, but also carboxyl, ketene or quinone （carbonyl） oxygen-containing groups. These functional groups were formed in the process of the material growth, which result in large amount of chemical defect sites on the walls.     

高碘酸钠选择性氧化竹原纤维的结构分析

采用高碘酸钠对竹原纤维进行选择性氧化,探讨了竹原纤维大分子上的羟基被氧化成醛基的过程,并用红外光谱、x衍射等手段分析了氧化竹原纤维的聚集态结构。结果表明,增大氧化剂浓度可以提高高碘酸钠对竹原纤维的氧化程度,使醛基含量增加;氧化后竹原纤维的结构发生改变,为竹原纤维进一步功能改性提供了反应位点。     

稀土和球化热处理对M42高速钢碳化物尺寸的细化作用(英文)

采用OM,SEM,EDS,TEM,EBSD,XRD等分析手段,研究了稀土和热处理对M42高速钢组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,M2C是M42高速钢主要的共晶碳化物类型.稀土处理后,M2C共晶碳化物形貌由规则层片状变为不规则环状.尽管二者形貌差异明显,但具有相同的微观结构和晶体取向特征.与层片状碳化物相比,环状M2C共晶碳化物热稳定性较差,高温加热时更易发生分解和球化,使碳化物尺寸明显细化.小尺寸碳化物在淬火加热时易于溶解,提高了淬火后基体中合金元素的固溶度,使M42高速钢硬度增加了1.5 HRC.     

催化剂种类对PECVD制备碳纳米管的影响

采用PEVCD技术,分别用Fe、Ni、Co作为催化剂,在Si基底上沉积出了不同形貌的碳纳米管．并用扫描电镜对碳纳米管的形貌进行了表征．而且深入研究了不同催化剂种类对碳纳米管生长的影响机理．结果表明：Ni是这3种催化剂中最适合沉积碳纳米管的催化剂．     

石墨烯微电子材料潜在应用研究

在硅电子材料即将发展到顶峰时,石墨烯以其优良的导体和半导体性质将成为延续硅材料的主流微电子材料;详述了石墨烯的结构与电学性质,从而说明其作为微电子材料的优势,并列举了在微电子器件构建中已经取得的成果及构建器件的方法,简述了相应石墨烯的制备方法.     

08VTiRe钢的深冲性能研究

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Fibrous TiO2 prepared by chemical vapor deposition using activated carbon fibers as template via adsorption, hydrolysis and calcinations

TiO2 fibers were prepared via alternatively introducing water vapor and Ti precursor carried by N2 to an APCVD （chemical vapor deposition under atmospheric pressure） reactor at ≤200 ℃. Activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were used as templates for deposition and later removed by calcinations. The obtained catalysts were characterized by scanning electron micros- copy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis The pores within TiO2 fibers included micro-range and meso-range, e.g., 7 nm, and the specific surface areas for TiO2 fibers were 141 m^2/g and 148 m^2/g for samples deposited at 100 ℃ and 200℃ （using ACFI700 as template）, respectively. The deposition temperature significantly influenced TiO2 morphology. The special advantages of this technique for preparing porous nano-material include no consumption of organic solvent in the process and easy control of deposition conditions and speeds.     

明胶稳定TiO2空气-水界面薄膜的研究

采用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作模板并以明胶作稳定剂,在空气-水的界面上组装TiO2薄膜。结果表明,加入的明胶既是一种良好的成膜剂,又是薄膜中TiO2颗粒的稳定剂。经洗涤去除明胶后,此复合薄膜材料可转换成单一的层状TiO2薄膜,其薄膜中TiO2颗粒的平均粒径与原先加入的明胶浓度成反比。在此基础上,分析了明胶稳定TiO2颗粒的机理并建立了相关模型。     

Surface pattern based on an azobenzene-containing copolymer thin film and its light-driven morphology modulation

A type of azobenzene-containing block copolymer polymethyl methacrylate-b-poly (n-butylmethacrylate-co-6-(4-(phenylazo) benzoate) hexyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-(PnBMA-co-PAzoMA)) was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Macroinitiator polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was prepared by ATRP and used to initiate the copolymerization of monomer n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) and azobenzene-based methacrylate monomer (AzoMA). Herein, three block copolymers with different molecular weights and block volume fractions were obtained and spin-coated on a silicon substrate or quartz plate before annealing at 180 °C for 14 h. The surface morphologies in these annealed copolymer films were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bicontinuous stripe or island patterns with different sizes were formed dependent on the film thickness. These ordered patterns are considered to be formed arising from the dewetting process of the surface layer in the copolymer film. Photoisomerization of azobenzene units in the copolymer films changed the dewetting behaviors of the surface layer of the thin film. Therefore, some copolymer annealed films showed a reversible morphology conversion between bicontinuous stripe and island structure when exposed to UV light and upon being stored in the dark. It was found that the composition of the block copolymer had obvious influences on the photoinduced morphology conversion behaviors in these copolymer thin films. When the volumes of PnBMA and PAzoMA phases in the block copolymer were large enough, the surface morphology could be modulated by UV light irradiation and storage in the dark. This work proposes a new possibility for photoinduced control and design of the dewetting processes of thin films using a linear block copolymer.     

上博竹书(三)《周易》“亡忘又疾,勿药又菜”试析

对《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》(三)《周易》简21“亡忘又疾,勿药又菜”这句话的理解,目前学术界有多种意见,我们通过与传世本对照,认为此句的“忘”通“妄”,作“妄为”解;“菜”通“喜”,作“病愈”解。此句意为“不妄为却偶染微疾,无需用药将自愈”。     

Silicon＇s organic pool and biological cycle in moso bamboo community of Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve

Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the widely distributed and woody Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) contributes to storing silicon by biomineralization and, thus, prevents eutrophication of nearby waterbodies through silicon’s erosion of soil particles. A study on the organic pool and biological cycle of silicon (Si) of the moso bamboo community was conducted in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve, China. The results showed that: (1) the standing crop of the moso bamboo community was 13355.4 g/m², of which 53.61%, 45.82% and 0.56% are represented by the aboveground and belowground parts of moso bamboos, and the understory plants, respectively; (2) the annual net primary production of the community was 2887.1 g/(m²·a), among which the aboveground part, belowground part, litterfalls, and other fractions, accounted for 55.86%, 35.30%, 4.50% and 4.34%, respectively; (3) silicon concentration in stem, branch, leaf, base of stem, root, whip of bamboos, and other plants was 0.15%, 0.79%, 3.10%, 4.40%, 7.32%, 1.52% and 1.01%, respectively; (4) the total Si accumulated in the standing crop of moso bamboo community was 448.91 g/m², with 99.83% of Si of the total community stored in moso bamboo populations; (5) within moso bamboo community, the annual uptake, retention, and return of Si were 95.75, 68.43, 27.32 g/(m²·a), respectively; (6) the turnover time of Si, which is the time an average atom of Si remains in the soil before it is recycled into the trees or shrubs, was 16.4 years; (7) the enrichment ratio of Si in the moso bamboo community, which is the ratio of the mean concentration of nutrients in the net primary production to the mean concentration of nutrients in the biomass of a community, was 0.64; and lastly, (8) moso bamboo plants stored about 1.26×10¹⁰ kg of silicon in the organic pool made up by the moso bamboo forests in the subtropical area of China. Project (No. 30370275) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China