跳远教学的回归分析

用回归分析方法对大学男女生跳远成绩与身体素质的关系进行了统计运算、逐步筛选并建立回归方程。其结果与男生跳远成绩相关的主要因素是50m跑和原地纵跳；女生则为50m跑和立定跳远。     

青岛市3～6岁城乡幼儿身体素质对比分析研究

了解青岛市幼儿身体素质的发展状况,比较城9幼儿身体素质的差异。对青岛市3～6岁620名幼儿立定跳远、网球掷远,10m折返跑、走平衡未和双脚连续跳进行了测试。结果：（1）男性幼儿,10m折返跑成绩城镇好于农村且差异具显著性,其它身体素质农村幼儿好于城镇幼儿,其中网球掷远和坐位体前屈差异具显著性;女性幼儿,10m折返跑,网球掷远城镇好于农村,10m折返跑差异具显著性,其它素质均是农村幼儿好于城镇幼儿,但无统计学差异。（2）测试指标中,坐位体前屈随年龄增长而下降,其它测试指标均随着年龄增长而提高。     

优化教学手段 提高运动能力

<正>小学阶段是发展学生运动能力的关键时期,如果学生在这个阶段具备一定的运动能力,那么就能更好地学习、掌握更多的运动技能,锻炼身体、增强体质、服务学习。针对如何发展小学生运动能力,厦门市提高小学生运动能力研究课题组2017年9月—2018年7月在厦门市6个区及市属7所小学五、六年级中各选4个班,共计56个班进行实验:实验人数为2800人;实验内容为50m跑、立定跳远、掷实心球;实验时间为各项以单元教学计划为准,50m跑     

试析因子分析与斯皮尔曼等级相关法在体育中的应用——以建立少乙排球运动员身体素质评价模型为例

本文主要选定少年乙组排球运动员为研究对象，用因子分析法从助跑摸高、立定跳远、30米跑、“V”字移动、实心球掷远(1．5kg)、软式排球掷远、仰卧两头起、俯卧背起、双摇跳30秒计数9项中选出少年乙组运动员身体素质测试项目。通过分析得出少年乙组运动员身体素质评价标准模型，并用斯皮尔曼等级相关法对其进行检验。以此来说明这两种统计方法在体育中的运用。     

中外优秀男子铁饼运动员运动成绩与身体素质的灰色关联分析

通过对世界优秀男子铁饼运动员的各项身体素质指标与其运动成绩的灰关联度分析,列出它们之间的灰色关联顺序,找出影响中外优秀铁饼运动员成绩的主要身体素质指标因素。结果表明：中国运动员优先发展身体素质的顺序是加速跑〉立定跳远〉抓举〉深蹲〉高翻〉卧推,外国运动员优先发展身体素质的顺序是抓举〉立定跳远〉加速跑〉卧推〉高翻〉深蹲。由此可见,中外运动员在铁饼身体素质训练上存在差异。说明影响世界优秀男子铁饼运动成绩的最关键因素在加速跑、立定跳远、抓举这三项身体素质指标,它们与专项投掷力量紧密相关,是发展爆发力和速度力量的重要途径。     

跳远教学的回归分析

用回归分析方法对大学男女生跳远成绩与身体素质的关系进行了统计运算、逐步筛选并建立回归方程。其结果与男生跳远成绩相关的主要因素是 5 0m跑和原地纵跳 ;女生则为 5 0m跑和立定跳远。     

我国初中毕业升学体育考试制度实施现状分析

初中毕业升学体育考试制度经过20多年的改革与发展对体育学科、学生体质健康水平和学校体育事业的促进都取得了一定成效，目前全国各地都已实施体育考试制度，分值以30分居多，并有增多的趋势。考试项目大多从立定跳远、1000m跑（男）、800m跑（女）、50m跑、掷实心球、仰卧起坐（女）、跳绳（1min）、引体向上（男）、篮球（运球）等项中选择。成绩计算分集中测试和学分制2种。但体育考试全面实施及加大分值与中考改革实施等级制之间的矛盾，体育考试与《国家学生体质健康标准》相结合的问题以及考试组织、成绩评定真实性等问题需要深入思考和研究。’     

巧用台阶提高中考体育加试项目教学的有效性

芜湖市初中学生毕业升学体育考试,男生考试内容:1000米、坐位体前屈或原地双手投掷实心球选考一项、立定跳远或50米跑选考一项;女生考试内容:800米、坐位体前屈或1分钟仰卧起坐选考一项、立定跳远或50米跑选考一项。由于学校场地器材有限,有效地开发现有的资源来提高学生的运动能力显得尤其重要。台阶在学校随处可见,     

快速提高立定跳远成绩的练习方法及练习中应注意的事项

立定跳远是学生身体素质测试中的一个项目。在每年的学生身体素质测试中，因立定跳远成绩差而影响学生测试总成绩的现象屡见不鲜。在这些学生中，大部分是因没有掌握正确的立定跳远技术造成的。因此，笔者总结了一些快速提高立定跳远成绩的练习方法，希望能对学生提高立定跳远成绩有所帮助。     

肥胖与过低体重对女大学生心肺功能及运动能力的影响

以女大学生为研究对象，探讨肥胖与过低体重对女大学生心肺功能及运动能力的影响。结果表明：肥胖与过低体重的女大学生在心肺功能等１５项指标上和运动素质等５项指标上都低于正常体重的女大学生。其中，除肥胖组的最大吸氧量和肺活量绝对值及实心球掷远的成绩、过低体重组的最大吸氧量绝对值、肺活量绝对值及立定跳远和５０ｍ跑的成绩马正常体重组差异不显著外，其余指标差异十分明显。     

《国民体质测定标准》(幼儿部分)网球掷远和立定跳远的分析与研究

运用体质测试和数理统计法,对《国民体质测定标准》(幼儿部分)中网球掷远和立定跳远的测试结果进行分析,并通过蹬力测试和拉力测试进行对比。结果表明,由于幼儿的投掷技术和跳跃技术掌握较差,测试结果误差较大,所以,网球掷远和立定跳远不能准确地评价幼儿身体素质的发展状况。     

Physical characteristics that predict involvement with the ball in recreational youth soccer

This study examined the relative contribution of age, stage of puberty, anthropometric characteristics, health-related fitness, soccer-specific tests and match-related technical performance to variance in involvements with the ball during recreational 5-a-side small-sided (32 × 15 m) soccer matches. Using a cross-sectional design, 80 healthy male students (14.6 ± 0.5 years of age; range 13.6–15.4) who played soccer recreationally were randomly divided into 10 teams and played against each other. Measurements included height, body mass, pubertal status, health-related fitness (12-min walk/run test, standing long jump, 15-m sprint and sit-ups in 30 s), soccer-specific tests (kicking for speed, passing for accuracy and agility run with and without a ball), match-related technical performance (kicks, passes and dribbles) and involvements with the ball during matches. Forward multiple regression analysis revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness (12-min walk/run test) accounted for 36% of the variance in involvements with the ball. When agility with the ball (zigzag running) and power (standing long jump) were included among the predictors, the total explained variance increased to 62%. In conclusion, recreational adolescent players, regardless of their soccer-specific skills, may increase participation in soccer matches most through physical activities that promote improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle power and agility.     

Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status,anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers

This study aimed to identify the maturity-related differences and its influence on the physical fitness, morphological and performance characteristics of young elite paddlers. In total, 89 kayakers and 82 canoeists, aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± s), were allocated in three groups depending on their age relative to the age at peak height velocity (pre-APHV, circum-APHV and post-APHV) and discipline (kayak and canoe). Nine anthropometric variables, a battery of four physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test and 20 m multistage shuttle run test) and three specific performance tests (1000, 500 and 200 m) were assessed. Both disciplines presented significant maturity-based differences in all anthropometric parameters (except for fat and muscle mass percentage), overhead medicine ball throw and all performance times (pre > circum > post; P < 0.05). Negative and significant correlations (P < 0.01) were detected between performance times, chronological age and anthropometry (body mass, height, sitting height and maturity status), overhead medicine ball throw and sit and reach for all distances. These findings confirm the importance of maturity status in sprint kayaking and canoeing since the more mature paddlers were also those who revealed largest body size, physical fitness level and best paddling performance. Additionally, the most important variables predicting performance times in kayaking and canoeing were maturity status and chronological age, respectively.     

Deleterious effects of obesity on physical fitness in pre-pubertal children

The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity.     

趣味性有氧运动对青春启动前期肥胖儿童形态、生理机能和运动能力的影响

研究目的：探讨趣味性有氧运动干预对青春启动前期肥胖儿童身体成分、生理机能、身体素质的影响,为增强肥胖学生体质提供依据。研究方法：选取9～11岁小学生60名,其中正常体重26名,单纯性肥胖34名（对照组、干预组各17名）。肥胖干预组进行了60%～70%HRmax×40～60 min,4次/周,共22周的有氧运动,活动内容以趣味性体育游戏为主。研究结果：趣味性有氧运动干预后,肥胖儿童的身体成分,身体机能与身体素质均得到不同程度的改善。主要变现为：BMI均值下降了1.69,体脂%下降了5.29%,肌肉重量增加了2.67 kg（P〈0.01）。心率恢复率提高了2.48%,肺活量体重指数提高了6.91 ml/kg（P〈0.01）。50m×8提高了0.18 s,立定跳远提高了7.31cm,实心球提高了1.01m,象限跳提高了5个/10 s,坐位体前屈提高了2.89 cm,差异具有显著性。研究结论：22周趣味性有氧运动干预可有效降低学生肥胖程度,提高肥胖学生的心肺功能及身体素质。     

Construct validity of the resistance training skills battery in children aged 7-10 years

The current study sought to examine the construct validity of the Resistance Training Skills Battery for Children (RTSBc), a movement screen purported to assess resistance training skill in children. Children aged 7–10 years (n = 27, 21 males, 6 females) undertook measures of resistance training skill via the RTSBc, motor competence and muscular fitness. Using a median split for RTSBc scores, children were categorised as high or low resistance training competence. Univariate ANCOVAs, controlling for maturation, were used to examine whether measures of muscular fitness and motor competence scores differed as a function of RTSBc competence. Children who were classified as high for resistance training competence had significantly better motor competence (P = .001) and significantly faster 10 m sprint speed (P = .001). However, medicine ball throw and standing long jump scores as well as peak and average isokinetic muscle strength did not differ as a function of RTSBc (P > 0.05). In all cases maturation was significant as a covariate. This study is the first to demonstrate construct validity of the RTSBc as a measure of general motor competence and sprint speed, but not strength, in children aged 7–10 years.     

Sex-specific associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity with physical fitness in adolescents

The present study examined the sex-specific associations of moderate and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with physical fitness in 300 Japanese adolescents aged 12–14 years. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer to evaluate physical activity (PA) levels of various intensities (i.e. moderate PA (MPA), 3–5.9 metabolic equivalents (METs); VPA, ≥6 METs; moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), ≥3 METs). Eight fitness items were assessed (grip strength, bent-leg sit-up, sit-and-reach, side step, 50?m sprint, standing long jump, handball throw, and distance running) as part of the Japanese standardised fitness test. A fitness composite score was calculated using Japanese fitness norms, and participants were categorised according to their score from category A (most fit) to category E (least fit), with participants in categories D and E defined as having low fitness. It was found that for boys, accumulating more than 80.7?min/day of MVPA may reduce the probability of low fitness (odds ratio (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)]?=?0.17 [0.06–0.47], p?=?.001). For girls, accumulating only 8.4?min of VPA could reduce the likelihood of exhibiting low fitness (ORs [95% CI]?=?0.23 [0.05–0.89], p?=?.032). These results reveal that there are sex-specific differences in the relationship between PA and physical fitness in adolescents, suggesting that sex-specific PA recommendation may be needed to improve physical fitness in adolescents.     

Predictive ability of the medicine ball chest throw and vertical jump tests for determining muscular strength and power in adolescents

This study examined the predictive ability of the medicine ball chest throw and vertical jump for muscular strength and power in adolescents. One hundred and ninety adolescents participated in this study. Participants performed trials of the medicine ball chest throw and vertical jump, with vertical jump peak power calculated via an estimation equation. One-repetition maximum and peak power for the chest press and leg press were assessed using pneumatic exercise machines. The medicine ball chest throw strongly correlated with chest press one-repetition maximum and peak power, while the vertical jump peak power strongly correlated with leg press one-repetition maximum and peak power. The predictive ability of medicine ball chest throw was better than vertical jump peak power for muscular strength and power when controlling for sex, age, height, weight, and maturation, and was not affected by involvement in sports. Results show good predictive ability of the medicine ball chest throw for muscular strength and power in adolescents, while predictable ability of vertical jump peak power is weakened when other factors are taken into account.     

MPA或VPA等时替代课堂10分钟LPA对高中生体质健康的影响

目的：探究体育课堂不同运动强度累积时间与体质健康之间的关系。方法：用Actigraph wGT3X-BT采集360名城区和郊区高中生40 minSB、LPA、MPA、VPA累积时间和7日总佩戴时间,并统一进行体质健康测试,运用SPSS23.0对各项指标进行相关分析、回归分析和等时替代分析。结果：（1）在体育课上高中男生MPA、VPA运动时间均显著高于女生,体质健康水平也存在显著性性别差异;（2） LPA运动时间与各项目（立定跳远除外）之间无关,SB、MPA、VPA运动时间与体质健康大部分项目之间均显著相关;（3）对于高中男生,VPA运动时间对立定跳远、引体向上、坐位体前屈,MPA运动时间对肺活量和1000m单独产生有益影响;LPA运动时间对立定跳远、引体向上、坐位体前屈,SB时间对1000m单独产生不利影响;在控制LPA运动时间后,VPA和MPA运动时间对相关体质健康的有益影响减弱;在等时替代LPA后,VPA和MPA运动时间对相关体质健康的有益影响增强;（4）对于高中女生,SB、LPA、MPA与VPA运动时间对体质健康各项目的单独和等时替代影响均不显著,在控制LPA后,SB时间显著提高女生50m速度。结论：目前上海市高中生体育课低于50% MVPA运动时间,MPA运动时间具有发展男生肺活量和1000m的特异性,VPA运动时间具有发展男生立定跳远、引体向上、坐位体前屈和50m的特异性,加速度计测量的课堂SB为肌肉力量和柔韧练习,但是高中女生体质健康的改善需要克服传统体育课程长期运动强度不足的负面效应。     

Physical fitness of primary school children in relation to overweight prevalence and physical activity habits

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8–9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: ‘sit & reach’, medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity.