含O添加剂对水热法合成TiO_2材料的影响

在最佳条件下(TiCl30.15 mol/L NaCl饱和溶液,170℃,4 h,含0添加剂/Ti摩尔比1/10)用水热法在玻璃基板上制备TiO2材料.SEM和XRD技术表征结果说明,生成的TiO2晶体为金红石型.与尿素相比,加酸性含O添加剂不能生成TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜,但能生成的TiO2微米球或微米花,微米球或花由纳米棒自组装而成.加中性含O添加剂所生成的TiO2材料的形貌最差.     

纳米TiO_2对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的影响

在染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中 ,纳米TiO2 是重要的组成物质之一 .用溶胶 凝胶法制备纳米TiO2 的过程中 ,为了控制纳米TiO2 的大小及晶型采用了一系列方法 .主要介绍热处理方法及实验结果 .随着热处理温度的升高 ,纳米TiO2 的晶粒度随着长大 .而且当水解pH～1 ,热处理温度达到 2 70℃时就已经有 43 %的金红石相纳米TiO2 出现 .通过计算发现 ,其中金红石相纳米TiO2 比锐钛矿相纳米TiO2 的晶粒度大得多 .将制备的纳米TiO2 应用于染料电池 ,通过太阳电池的测试实验证实 ,合适的热处理温度可得到较好的光电转换效率     

纳米TiO2对染料敏化纳米薄膜

在染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中，纳米TiO2是重要的组成物质之一.用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2的过程中，为了控制纳米TiO2的大小及晶型采用了一系列方法.主要介绍热处理方法及实验结果.随着热处理温度的升高，纳米TiO2的晶粒度随着长大.而且当水解pH～ 1，热处理温度达到270℃时就已经有43％的金红石相纳米TiO2出现.通过计算发现，其中金红石相纳米TiO2比锐钛矿相纳米TiO2的晶粒度大得多.将制备的纳米TiO2应用于染料电池，通过太阳电池的测试实验证实，合适的热处理温度可得到较好的光电转换效率.     

纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化法处理苯酚废水的研究

主要采用纳米TiO2悬浮体系在中压汞灯照射下光催化氧化处理苯酚废水,利用756MC型紫外可见分光光度计测定苯酚溶液在270nm处的吸光度.考察了pH值、纳米TiO2的投加量、苯酚溶液的初始浓度以及处理时间对苯酚去除率的影响.结果表明:在本实验所设定的中压汞灯照射下,pH值为3,纳米TiO2的用量为40mg.L-1,苯酚的初始浓度为10 mg.L-1,恒温磁力搅拌器搅拌的条件下,反应1h,去除率达69.01%.本实验是从理论和经济角度综合考虑,得出了以上最佳处理条件.     

Bi_2S_3量子点包覆TiO_2纳米棒阵列的制备及光催化性能研究

采用水热法在FTO衬底上制备TiO_2纳米棒阵列,然后采用化学浴法将Bi_2S_3量子点沉积在纳米棒上。进行光催化反应测试,结果表明,经过Bi_2S_3处理后,TiO_2纳米棒的催化活性能提高了3倍。原因分析,Bi_2S_3作为光敏化剂,提高了TiO_2对可见光的吸收率。     

钛氧化物场发射冷阴极的研究

由于TiO2纳米线独特的结构、优异的性能和广阔的应用前景,自发现以来就受到了人们的广泛关注。二氧化钛纳米线具有大的长径比、化学稳定性、导电性以及有意的场发射特性等特点,在场发射冷阴极方面有着巨大的应用前景。文章首先1介绍了几种制备二氧化钛纳米线的方法,然后研究了其场发射特性。通过对比,最终采用PVD法在硅片上生长了TiO2纳米线。测得其开启场为19．3V／μm、阈值电场为30V／μm。     

NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)纳米棒上转换发光的研究

本文研究的是通过溶剂热法合成六方相的NaGdF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)纳米棒。当改变Yb~(3+)离子的浓度时,X射线衍射(XRD)表现出得到的都为纯的六方相的纳米棒,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)可以看到随着Yb~(3+)离子浓度的增大,NaGdF_4纳米棒尺寸发生了变化,由开始的30nm变为120nm.在激发光为980nm时,上转换发射主要是541nm的绿光和644nm的红光。并且当Yb~(3+)离子的浓度由5mol%增加到50mol%,上转换输出光的颜色由绿光变为黄光。并对其机理进行了详细的解释。     

一维纳米二氧化钛的制备及应用研究进展

概述了一维纳米TiO2的发展历史和研究现状,对比分析了几种结构的一维纳米TiO2的制备技术及形成机理,评述了近年来一维纳米TiO2在各个方面的应用,尤其是在污染控制领域中应用特点,讨论了目前一维纳米TiO2的制备及应用所存在的问题及其发展前景。     

掺杂纳米TiO2光催化性能的研究进展

锐钛矿相TiO2半导体因较宽的禁带宽度、较低的量子产率等使得它在可见光催化方面的性能受到很大的影响。本文概述了近几年对纳米TiO2进行掺杂改性的方法,提高其光催化性能。     

基于三维纳米阵列结构Mn_3O_4@ZnO复合电极材料的柔性超级电容器件的制备

以硝酸锌、六次甲基四胺、聚乙烯基亚胺为原料,通过控制水热工艺,在柔性PET衬底上制备了具有有序阵列结构的氧化锌纳米棒,通过电子束蒸发镀膜方式在ZnO纳米棒周围包覆了Mn_3O_4薄膜,并结合微纳加工工艺,制备了基于Mn_3O_4@ZnO阵列复合电极材料的柔性透明超级电容器件。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术手段研究了复合材料的结构和形貌。并采用循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱和循环充放电法研究了器件的电化学性能。结果表明,电子束蒸发工艺得到的Mn_3O_4薄膜具有优异稳定的电化学特性,三维ZnO纳米棒阵列可以作为透明电容器件的集电极,提供了较大比表面积,有利于提高器件的比电容,在2 m V/s时,器件的比电容可达9.2 m F/cm2,并且器件具有优异的抗弯折性能及稳定性,可以满足柔性储能器件的要求。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.