儿童提问意识缺失的追问与反思

提问是儿童认识世界、了解世界的一种独特方式。儿童是借助提问来探索整个世界的,即儿童的已知世界与未知世界是通过提问来连接的。可随着年龄的增长,儿童的提问意识却在慢慢消逝。难负其重的学前教育在培养目标上的偏离与传统捆绑式的教学导致了儿童提问意识的飘零与失落。学前教学的重要任务就是要将儿童成长的被动式转向能动性,同时作为"对话性他者"的教师提供提问的对话空间,这样儿童的精彩观念在思维的延展中才会带着惊喜迸发出来。     

儿童提问相关因素研究

已有的关于儿童提问的研究,涉及儿童提问的发展特点、相关的自身影响因素、外部影响因素、干预策略等。本文将对儿童提问的相关因素的研究进行回顾,以此作为我们改进教育状况,促进儿童提问的依据。     

儿童提问相关因素研究

已有的关于儿童提问的研究。涉及儿童提问的发展特点、相关的自身影响因素、外部影响因素、干预策略等。本文将对儿童提问的相关因素的研究进行回顾。以此作为我们改进教育状况。促进儿童提问的依据。     

学龄前儿童在不同提问方式下的会话能力差异与特点北大核心CSSCI

学龄前儿童语言的发展主要是通过与他人的会话来实现的,而会话能力本身也是儿童语言能力的重要构成。本研究选择20名26～54个月的儿童为研究对象,探寻学龄前儿童在不同提问方式下会话能力发展的差异与特点。结果发现低龄段女童比低龄段男童更容易违反合作原则;女童在低龄段比高龄段更易违反合作原则;在不同提问方式下,儿童违反合作原则无显著性差异,但理解型提问方式更能激发儿童回答问题的兴趣;在理解型提问方式下,儿童对合作原则中各类准则的违反具有显著性差异。与成人运用语用策略故意违反合作原则不同,儿童违反会话合作原则多是“无意违反”。成人在与儿童会话时应重视儿童的性别与年龄差异,应注意选择贴合儿童生活实际、符合儿童认知规律与水平的话题,并鼓励儿童的语言表达,纠正和改善儿童在表达上的偏误等。     

儿童提问研究进展及其发展趋势

儿童的提问不但可以促进儿童注意力、思维和言语表达能力的提高,还有助于儿童学习动机、社会性交往等非认知因素的发展.文章从儿童提问的本质、生成原因及过程、类型和内容三个方面对已有研究进行述评,并在此基础上提出儿童提问研究的发展趋势.     

幼儿在园提问数量的发展研究

一、问题的提出作为儿童主动学习的表现之一,提问近年来受到了国内心理学界的重视。一个世纪以来,国外对于儿童提问(ques-tion-asking)作了大量的研究。其中关于儿童提问年龄特征的研究多是用观察的方法记录儿童的提问。研究主要是在两种环境中进行的,一个是家庭,一个是教育机构。研究得到了比较一致的结论,即儿童在教育机构中的提问数量是极其贫乏的。(Dodl,1966;Dillon,1988;Becker;2000)这些研究无论在方法上还是在结果上都给我国的相关研究提供了宝贵的资料。本研究试图借鉴国外的研究方法,探讨3～6岁儿童在幼儿园中提问的发展现状、…     

哲学视阈下的儿童提问及其教育意蕴

儿童是天生的哲学家,其提问颇具哲学色彩。基于哲学视角的儿童提问经常涉及到三个领域:对形而上学问题的提问、对逻辑问题的提问、对伦理问题的提问。成人由于种种原因经常忽略、敷衍儿童的提问,殊不知儿童提问是儿童精神发展的需求。儿童提问有以下五个方面教育意蕴:儿童是一个宝藏,需要用科学的儿童观重新去认识、解读;呵护儿童爱提问的天性,善待儿童的精神萌芽;摒弃优越感,尝试向儿童学习;守卫童年,避免儿童被过早的成人化;以儿童哲学为载体,挖掘儿童的哲学潜能。     

成人提问的认知水平与模式对5岁儿童问题解决的影响

本研究以64名5岁儿童为被试,让儿童解决数量守恒问题,在其解决问题过程中,成人以提问的方式进行干预,提问分为启发和支配两种模式、感知和理解两种认知水平,以考察成人提问的不同认知水平和模式对儿童解决数量守恒问题的影响。结果发现:5岁儿童面对问题情境时,很少主动提问或解释说明自己对问题的想法;成人的提问有助于儿童的问题解决;成人提问的认知水平(感知和理解)不影响儿童的问题解决,但成人提问的模式(启发和支配)影响儿童的问题解决;成人提问的模式和成人提问的认知水平对儿童的问题解决有交互影响。     

学前儿童提问能力与家庭教养方式的相关关系研究

儿童的提问能力可以在一定程度上表现出儿童思维发展水平、语言能力和认知水平,对儿童的身心发展具有重要的意义。对6名5岁学前儿童进行长期的常查并根据儿童提问的频率,以获取有效提问数为主体,分析不同教养方式的儿童在提问数量、类型、性别和质量之间的差异,得出儿童提问的频率与家庭教养方式之间存在不显著相关;不同教养方式中儿童提问类型特点表现各有特色;儿童的提问存在性别差异;教养方式的不同会导致儿童提问质量存在差异。     

幼儿在园提问数量的发展研究

一、问题的提出 作为儿童主动学习的表现之一,提问近年来受到了国内心理学界的重视.一个世纪以来,国外对于儿童提问(question-asking)作了大量的研究.其中关于儿童提问年龄特征的研究多是用观察的方法记录儿童的提问.研究主要是在两种环境中进行的,一个是家庭,一个是教育机构.研究得到了比较一致的结论,即儿童在教育机构中的提问数量是极其贫乏的.(Dodl,1966;Dillon,1988;Beeker;2000)这些研究无论在方法上还是在结果上都给我国的相关研究提供了宝贵的资料.     

The role of peer relationships in the development of early school-age externalizing problems

This study investigated the role of peer rejection and best friend's externalizing behavior in the development of externalizing behavior in 740 children followed annually from kindergarten (mean age=6.2, SD=0.46) to 3rd grade. Consistently across time, children's externalizing problems predicted peer rejection. Peer rejection, in turn, added to the prediction of externalizing problems above and beyond prior levels of problem behavior. Having a best friend with externalizing problems did not add to the prediction of children's externalizing problems. All findings were similar for boys and girls. These results suggest that in early elementary school peer rejection, but not yet best friend's behavioral characteristics, has an additive effect on children's externalizing problem development.     

The Development of Everyday Mathematics in Brazilian Children with Limited Formal Education

The sociocultural context in which children acquire and use everyday mathematics was studied in Brazilian shantytown communities. Children's developing mathematical abilities and use of currency in solving commercial problems were investigated. Interviews with the parents of 105 children from 4 to 14 years of age indicated that, when sent to make purchases at local stands, the problems entailed in the responsibilities parents assigned to children involved greater arithmetical complexity with increasing age. Children's accuracy and strategy use on arithmetic tasks similar to the problems encountered in commercial transactions revealed: ( a ) many children used currency to aid their problem solving; ( b ) with increasing age, currency use declined; and ( c ) children's currency use progressed from global estimates to the mental decomposition and manipulation of currency values. The mathematical complexity of children's commercial transactions correlated significantly with their mathematics performance even when age, grade in school, and years of schooling were statistically controlled The results provide evidence that by adjusting the mathematical complexity of children's commercial transactions, parents facilitate connections between children's developing competence and their everyday activities.     

基于人才培养的农村留守儿童教育策略摭探

留守儿童在心理、生活、学习、思想等方面的问题已经成为家庭、学校、社会教育中的突出问题。教师要关注留守儿童,注重观察、沟通与引导,让留守儿童健康成长。文章从留守儿童的共性问题、如何深入了解留守儿童、留守儿童教育的优化策略三个方面具体阐述留守儿童的培养途径。     

The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children's empathy-related responding and social functioning: a longitudinal study

This study examined the concurrent and cross-time relations of parental observed warmth and positive expressivity to children's situational facial and self-reported empathic responding, social competence, and externalizing problems in a sample of 180 elementary school children. Data was collected when the children were in second to fifth grades (age: M = 112.8 months), and again 2 years later. Cross-sectional and longitudinal structural equation models supported the hypothesis that parents' (mostly mothers') positive expressivity mediated the relation between parental warmth and children's empathy, and children's empathy mediated the relation between parental positive expressivity and children's social functioning. These relations persisted after controlling for prior levels of parenting and child characteristics. Moreover, concurrent and cross-time consistencies were found on measures of parenting, children's situational empathic responding, and social functioning.     

家庭教育异化与独生子女社会化不良问题分析

从大多数独生子女家庭教育现状来看,由于教育观念陈旧和父母教育子女的基本素养的缺失等原因,导致家庭教育异化现象:家长们不重视帮孩子进行情感财富积累,不注意正确价值观的引导及健康生存意识和习惯的培养,导致了孩子认知和情感发展不平衡,学习观念的功利主义,盲目的崇拜偶像和缺少健康生活所需要的基本知识和技能等不良问题。改变这种局面应更新家长的观念,发挥家庭在独生子女良好社会性的形成中的重要功能。     

少儿图书馆与中小学素质教育

目前中小学素质教育已成为我国教育的主流 ,而少儿图书馆作为学校教育的补充 ,也日益成为人们关注和研究的对象。本文论述了少儿图书馆在中小学素质教育中的特殊地位和作用 ,指出了少儿图书馆对中小学进行素质教育的有效途径     

从历史变迁与思想分野看儿童读经

世纪之交兴起的儿童读经热,是近百年来中华传统文化失落、人文教育薄弱、学校教育不够和谐等问题在新形势下的“反弹”。从读经的名实内涵、历史变迁和思想分野维度对相关问题进行梳理,为读经“正名”,旨在减少“技术性阻障”,为消解儿童读经及其讨论中之无谓“论争”提供某种依据和条件。     

对外语学习低龄热的冷思考

我国外语教学呈低龄化趋势。然而低龄儿童外语教学在师资、教材、学习时间、语言环境、学习动机、学习效果等方面并不尽如人意,导致了低龄儿童外语学习的高成本、低效益。外语教学从小抓起的主要理论支持是“临界期”理论,然而大量的试验、实践证明,外语学习的起始年龄和外语最终成就没有直接关系。在中国目前的国情下,不重视实际情况,盲目地地提前外语学习的起始年龄,尚无理论和实践数据对此进行支持。所以无论从理论上、还是从实践上考虑,“外语学习低龄化”需谨慎行之。     

解析弱势群体亲子关系存在的问题

当今,亲子关系存在着一些问题,成为孩子成长过程中的隐忧,由此出现了一系列连锁性不良反应.而这种现象在弱势群体中表现的尤为突出.主要表现在弱势群体亲子间互动的内容狭窄、方式简单,互动频率偏低,还有就是因价值取向偏离而引起的特定期望值过高及亲子地位的对立.这些问题是错综复杂地交织在一起的,本文仅从社会学的视角来解析弱势群体亲子关系存在的问题,希望能对我们促进弱势群体亲子互动,改善其亲子关系有所启发和指导.     

Follow-Up Section: Early Childhood Emotional Competence: Young Children's Emotionally-Charged Moral Narratives: Relations with Attachment and Behavior Problems

Participants were 45 mostly African-American or Latino young children (25 boys, 20 girls, mean age = 56.4 months), with about half recruited from a mental health facility and half from preschool settings. Children were administered two separate interviews examining their affectively-charged moral narratives regarding acts of victimization (Moral MSSB) and their attachment-related narratives (SAT). In addition, children's teachers or therapists completed assessments of the attachment-like aspects of their relationships with children (STRS), and a measure of children's behavior problems and competencies (C-TRF). Overall, after controlling for child age, gender, SES, and expressive language ability, children with more externalizing problems were more likely to describe aggressive themes, and less likely to mention adult aid or taking responsibility for transgressions in their moral narratives. In addition, more positive attachments (both the SAT and STRS) were associated with fewer externalizing problems. More than half of the total variance in children's externalizing scores could be predicted from a combination of the attachment and Moral MSSB variables. These findings have implications for understanding the affective origins of young children's externalizing behavior problems involving both peers and adults.