基层公安民警闲暇时间体育锻炼现状调查及对策研究——以江苏省高淳县公安局为例

根据对基层公安民警闲暇时间体育锻炼现状调查,指出我国公安系统普遍存在的民警缺乏体育锻炼,身体素质偏低的现状,针对这种现状及公安工作的特点,提出解决民警身体素质偏低的对策。     

上海市残疾人健身体育锻炼的现状调查与分析

运用分层抽样、数理统计、走访调查和文献资料法，对上海市残疾人健身体育锻炼现状进行调查分析。结果表明：上海市残疾人参与体育锻炼的人口比例略高于全国城乡的残疾人；女性残疾人参与体育锻炼的人口明显低于男性残疾人和女性健全人；中老年残疾人参与体育锻炼不及健全人踊跃；农业与非农业人口参与体育锻炼的差异性比健全人更为显著；肢体残疾人体育人口比例明显低于其他残疾类别的残疾人。指出了制约上海市残疾人参与体育锻炼的主要因素及建议。     

甘肃省天水市大学生体育锻炼现状及对策研究

采用问卷调查法、献资料法和数理统计等方法，对天水市高校大学生体育锻炼状况进行调查。结果发现：天水市大学生初步形成正确的体育锻炼意识，但自觉参与体育锻炼人数、次数比例偏低，体育消费水平偏低，且锻炼以群体性方式为主；体育设施是影响大学生参与体育锻炼的重要因素。     

我国正式颁布《普通人群体育锻炼标准》

经过两年多的认真研制,《普通人群体育锻炼标准(试行)》于2003年5月10日正式颁布施行。它将是《国家体育锻炼标准》的重要组成部分,是继《学生体质健康标准》、《军人体育锻炼标准》、《公安民警体育锻炼达标标准》之后的又一人群的锻炼标准,上述4个锻炼标准一起构成一个综合的、更加完整的《国家体育锻炼标准》。     

新疆回族成年人健康与体育锻炼现状调查

对新疆回族集中地昌吉回族自治州、伊犁哈萨克自治州的市、县城乡不同人群、不同性别的1500名成人健康状况和体育锻炼现状进行问卷调查。结果表明：回族成人健康状况和参与体育锻炼状况都不容乐观，患病率女性高于男性，城市高于农村。总体上，回族人群体育锻炼意识不强，参与体育锻炼的积极性不高，各地政府应给予相应的重视和支持。     

村落社区中不同程度参与体育锻炼的农民群体特征分析——安徽省小岗村、小井庄和落儿岭3村实证调查

以安徽省小岗村、小井庄和落儿岭3个普通村落为个案,在一个特定的村落社区里揭示不同程度参与体育锻炼的农民群体特征.案例分析表明,体育锻炼在不同程度参与群体的业余文化活动中的排位有差别,主动和经常参与体育锻炼群体已经把体育作为生活的一个部分初见端倪;主动参与体育锻炼群体在不同村落间分布均衡,差异较小,其他程度参与体育锻炼群体在村落间表现出一定的差异性(P<0.05);体育锻炼者参与程度在社会阶层分布、参与质量等方面存在显著差异;不同程度参与体育锻炼者在体育参与价值取向、体育项目选择、参与人际环境和空间环境、体育锻炼消费、体育锻炼的意识等方面既有共同特征又有差异特征.     

河南省高校教师参与体育锻炼的现状及对策研究

通过文献资料法、调查法和数理统计法,对河南省高校教师参与体育锻炼的现状进行研究,结果发现:教师健康状况欠佳,他们有正确的体育锻炼态度,但没有形成良好的体育锻炼习惯,体育人口比例偏低,大部分教师体育锻炼项目单一,多与同事、朋友、家人一起在学校的运动场地参与体育锻炼.工作任务繁重是阻碍教师参与体育锻炼的最大因素,其他如运动兴趣、意志力、同伴参与锻炼的积极性、子女教育等对教师参与体育锻炼都有一定影响.要更好地促进教师参与体育锻炼,应提高领导"健康投资"理念;促进教师形成正确的健康与体育锻炼观念;加强教师体育工作管理;增加体育经费投入;加强医务监督,科学指导体育锻炼.     

齐齐哈尔市企事业机关干部体育锻炼现状的研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计等方法，对齐齐哈尔市企事业机关干部体育锻炼现状进行调查分析，其目的在于了解齐齐哈尔市企事业机关干部参与体育锻炼活动的基本情况，为齐齐哈尔市企事业机关干部体育锻炼的健康发展提供参考。     

湖北大学生体育锻炼的人群结构及行为研究

研究目的:了解湖北省大学生体育锻炼坚持性的现状及行为,促进大学生养成良好的体育锻炼习惯及坚持性,推进当前高校体育课程教学改革,提高教学质量。研究方法:文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法等。研究结果:湖北高校中坚持参与体育锻炼和从不参与体育锻炼的学生人数相对较少,大部分学生处于偶尔锻炼和中断体育锻炼的状态;跑步、篮球、羽毛球、乒乓球等是大学生广泛参与的体育锻炼项目;女生参与体育锻炼的频率和积极性低于男生,且男生每次持续锻炼的时间明显多于女生。     

体育锻炼

G806浙江省公安民警体育锻炼动机的研究=Motive ofpolice going for physical exercises in ZhejiangProvince[刊.中,A]／张银满,郦树龙(浙江公安高等专科学校)／／武汉体育学院学报.-2003,37(4).-177-179表6参6(SJ)体育锻炼／／警察／／动机／／浙江     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。