《国语》、《左传》、《史记》中的晋文公重耳形象比较研究

晋文公重耳是《国语》、《左传》、《史记》三部著作中刻画得最成功的一位春秋霸主．其记载大体相似但同中有异：《国语》中的晋文公从善如流但缺少霸气与沉着果断的决策能力,《左传》中的晋文公从一开始就充满英雄气概,《史记》中的晋文公形象更具立体感,司马迁充分刻画了人物成长与性格发展的过程．比较研究重耳在三书中的形象差异,我们可看清作者的创作倾向．     

唐宋诗人对《史记》范蠡形象的接受——以史记咏史诗为探讨中心

司马迁《史记》的《越王勾践世家》和《货殖列传》在《国语·越语》的基础上对范蠡有了更全面的记载,塑造了栩栩如生的范蠡形象,成为历代文人了解范蠡其人其事的重要途径。诗人们也纷纷有感而发,创作了许多以范蠡为创作主体的咏史诗。以唐宋两代诗人歌颂范蠡的咏史诗为切入点,通过分析这些诗歌对范蠡建立功业的称赞,对其功成身退的向往等,探讨唐宋诗人对范蠡形象的接受情况。     

从《史记》到《冻苏秦衣锦还乡》看叙事焦点的转移

元杂剧《冻苏秦衣锦还乡》取材于《史记》中的《苏秦列传》、《张仪列传》,但是在《史记》的基础上,剧作家通过采用情节移植、设置悬念、改简略为具体的艺术手法,实现了叙事焦点的转移。《史记》关注的是苏秦的政治作为,而杂剧关注的是苏秦在争取功名前后亲人之间的关系,通过苏秦前后的落魄与富贵来表现人情冷暖、世态炎凉。从重历史到重人情,苏秦的形象也发生了一些改变,司马迁笔下的苏秦是一个才华横溢的纵横家形象,而元杂剧中的苏秦还参杂着落魄文人的形象,并且恩怨思想更为明显。     

近十年《史记》女性形象研究综述

以中国知网为主要搜索依据,梳理自2004-2014年10年的《史记》女性形象研究的学术成果,可将研究的主要内容归纳为以下三个方面：《史记》女性形象的综合性研究、《史记》女性形象的个案研究、《史记》与相关著作中女性形象的比较研究。近10年的研究者在前人的研究基础上逐步将研究论题向纵深发展,但《史记》女性人物形象研究在大力拓宽研究视野上仍有待加强。     

论《史记》中的下层人物形象

司马迁的《史记》是中国文学史中一部继往开来的伟大著作,它以人物为中心的传记形式,成为中国古代历史传记文学的开山之作。《史记》中成功地描写了众多形象鲜明的社会下层人物,诸如刺客形象、商贾形象、女性形象、医者形象等,研究这些下层人物形象,有助于认识《史记》的伟大价值,了解《史记》所反映出的社会状况。《史记》塑造人物形象的艺术手法具有多样性,对后代文学创作产生了深远影响。     

《红楼梦》对《史记》的传承探微 ——以刘姥姥形象构设为例

《史记》对中国文学的影响是无与伦比的,千古绝唱《红楼梦》对《史记》的传承也是多方面的。以刘姥姥形象构设为例,主要结合《高祖本纪》来探析,其传承体现在取材、思想和艺术效果方面。     

论《通志》对《史记》的继承与扬弃——以《游侠传》为例

《通志》是继《史记》之后我国历史学上第二部纪传体通史。《通志.游侠传》塑造了一群“言必信”、“行必果”、“赴士之厄困”的游侠形象,郑樵在袭用《史记.游侠列传》中部分材料的同时删去了篇前序论和篇后赞论这些主体和精华部分,既反映出郑樵写作《通志》时对材料的取舍情况,也反映了他不同于司马迁的史学思想。     

试析《史记》下层人物群像及其价值

司马迁在《史记》中成功地描写了众多性格各异、形象鲜明的社会下层人物,这些人物生动、真实,形成了下层人物群像.诸如刺客形象、游侠形象、商贾形象、医者形象、女性形象等.研究这些人物群像,探讨其意义价值,不仅有助于我们认识《史记》的伟大价值,也将有益于当今的世风.     

《史记》《汉书》诸《表》考订

《史记》诸表的问题很多,有的文字脱、衍、错格,有的纪年舛错。本文在前人研究的基础上,对《史记》、《汉书》诸表年数差异及本身歧义的地方提出粗浅的看法,在考订《史记》诸表的同时,对相应的《汉书》诸表也多有补正,不妥之处,尚祈指正。     

《史记》女性形象描写手法综述

《史记》描写了不同阶级、阶层的众多女性形象,她们风姿有别,其中多数处于中下层地位。《史记》善于通过语言、表情以及行为和心理活动等来刻画女性形象,让她们妍媸毕现。     

矩阵的主、次、行、列转置的研究

本将高等代数的中的“矩阵的转置”定义为“矩阵的主转置”,由此给出矩阵的次转置、行转置、列转置的定义,得出相关结论,并予以严格证明,这对矩阵的深入研究有着极其重要的意义。     

红楼一曲绝唱 诗词尽显魅力

《红楼梦》这部小说中含有150多首诗词，有传统诗词之美，小说人物命运的叙述生动感人，又有当今语体文甚至口语的色彩，红楼梦的艺术世界是多彩诱人的，小说学为读者营造了一方“诗词天地”。忽略诗词鉴赏，就不能全面把握《红楼梦》艺术特征，也不能真正认识它的作者，因此，读懂这部书的文辞，品味其诗词韵味，会是一种享受，《红楼梦》以小说文本的可接爱性而雅供共赏，一定会在当前素质教育的诗文美育中起到促进作用。     

School disciplines,social representations,and the construction of the didactics of history,geography, and civics

The author presents a concept of the didactics of history, geography, and civics that seeks to link, through a single dynamic, the civic, political, and social goals of school knowledge with everyday classroom practice and pupils' learning. Two concepts occupy the heart of this construction: those of school disciplines and social representations. The concept of school disciplines addresses the fact that school knowledge is a creation of the school, designed to enable it to achieve the social goals it is assigned. A school discipline is thus a particular combination of goals, content (in the form of shared knowledge), methods, and practices. The concept of social representations is a tool serving to analyze knowledge as theories of the natural and social world, its production, and its reception by the different actors involved.     

上古音系不必立祭废至队曷桓戈部

上古韵部划分是上古音研究的核心部分,韵部划分至清代虽已渐臻完备,但学界对韵部进行再划分的工作一直未断。李新魁先生在二十九部基础上分出祭、废、至、队、曷、桓、戈七部,将上古韵部分为三十六部,其分部的依据不合理,故不必立祭、废、至、队、曷、桓、戈七部。     

《西游记》杂剧对《西游记》小说影响的再认识

通过考察中国戏曲与小说的发展轨迹，结合两的整体关系，指出《西游记》杂剧记叙唐僧取经内容完整，结构宏大，由此演进为小说具有必然性，并进而对它在后世百回本小说《西游记》成书过程中的影响和作用作了具体、客观的评析。     

The unintended consequences of school inspection: the prevalence of inspection side-effects in Austria,the Czech Republic,England, Ireland,the Netherlands,Sweden, and Switzerland

It has been widely documented that accountability systems, including school inspections, bring with them unintended side effects. These unintended effects are often negative and have the potential to undo the intended positive effects. However the empirical evidence is limited. Through a European comparative study we have had the rare opportunity to collect empirical evidence and study the effects (both intended and unintended) of school inspections (a key system of accountability) in a systematic way, across seven countries. We present the findings of the unintended effects in this paper. Survey self-report responses from school principals in each country, with differing school inspection systems, are analysed to measure the prevalence of these unintended effects and to investigate the part played by pressure to do well in inspections. A key finding is that increasing pressure in school inspection systems is associated with the undesired effect of the narrowing and refocusing of the curriculum and instructional strategies. We also show that a proportion of school principals admit to misrepresenting the school in data sent to the inspectorate and show evidence for formalisation/proceduralisation (excessive focus on records) and ossification (fear of experimentation in teaching), although these factors are less related to changes in pressure.     

Cowan,Whiteness, Resistance to Brown,and the Persistence of the Past

In this paper, I examine the use of litigation as a strategic tool of resistance for thwarting school desegregation. Utilizing Cowan v. Bolivar County Board of Education as a case study, I argue that, despite losing the constitutional right to racially segregate public schools according to an explicit white supremacist doctrine, whites in Bolivar County, Mississippi, were successful in stemming the impending tide of social change associated with school desegregation through litigation. Litigious resistance not only provided southern whites with a racially moderate epistemology for undermining school desegregation regionally, but their legal challenges to school desegregation also laid the groundwork for non-southern white animus toward all federal education policies that promoted racial inclusion.     

Femininity,science, and the denigration of the girly girl

Hyper-femininity and the construction of the ‘girly girl’ label have been documented widely, but there has been less attention to their content (or any distinctions between these constructs). Indeed, it can be argued that the content of femininity remains a controversial and somewhat under-researched topic in feminist scholarship. This is also the case in relation to science, which has been widely characterised as a masculine terrain, but there has been less attention to why femininity is excluded from/by science. This article attempts to unpick some of these issues, with a particular focus on the construct of the ‘girly girl’, in relation to access to science. Drawing on qualitative data from the Economic and Social Research Council-funded ASPIRES 2 project, we analyse the discourses used by young people and parents in discussion of ‘girly girls’ and physics. We show the misogynist and excluding discourses projected onto the ‘girly girl’, and indeed that are used to interpolate femininity more broadly. We found that in discussions of science and (hyper-)femininity, even potentially positive feminine attributes were denigrated. Hyper-femininity was produced as ‘more than lack’: vacuous, but also a risible presence. In reflecting on our findings we consider whether femininity may be more derided in some discursive contexts (e.g. science discourse) than others, and whether femininity can or should be conceived as more than lack.     

主位理论、主位推进模式与翻译

借助功能语言学主位和主位推进模式有关理论来分析语篇的衔接、信息分布、连贯、语篇发展以及译者如何利用这些分析结果充分解读翻译源文,在以语篇为翻译单位时,采取何种相应的翻译对策,生成在功能和效果上与之相当的目的语语篇。     

UNESCO,the Faure Report,the Delors Report,and the Political Utopia of Lifelong Learning

Two education reports commissioned by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Learning to be, otherwise known as the Faure report (1972) and Learning: The treasure within, otherwise known as the Delors report (1996), have been associated with the establishment of lifelong learning as a global educational paradigm. In this article, which draws on archival research and interviews, I will explore how these two reports have contributed to debates on the purpose of education and learning. In the first half, I will shed light on their origins, the context in which they came about, how they have been received by the education community and by UNESCO member states and how they have been discussed in the scholarly literature. In the second half, I will discuss the key themes of the reports, in particular lifelong learning as the global educational ‘master concept’. In the last section, I will reflect on how the Faure report and the Delors report are still relevant for our debates about learning today. I will argue that the concept of lifelong learning, as put forward by these reports, was a political utopia which is at odds with today's utilitarian view of education.