油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO和NOS的影响

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO含量和NOS活性的影响。方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30 d,检测血铅含量、骨髓一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后血铅水平下降,骨髓NO含量及NOS活性明显降低。结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能改善骨髓生化指标,拮抗铅对骨髓的毒性。     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠胸腺的影响

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠胸腺的影响.方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30d,检测胸腺指数、胸腺T细胞亚群、胸腺细胞凋亡率及胸腺细胞周期进程的变化情况.结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后胸腺指数明显升高,胸腺细胞亚群CD8标记率明显降低,胸腺细胞周期进程中G2+M期细胞百分比升高,胸腺细胞凋亡率明显降低.结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能抑制胸腺细胞凋亡,影响胸腺细胞周期进程,拮抗铅对胸腺的毒性.     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠脾脏的保护作用

选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30 d,检测脾脏指数、组织结构及脾脏细胞周期进程的变化情况.与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后白髓与红髓分界变清,动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结数量、白髓的面积及脾脏指数明显增大,脾脏细胞周期进程中G2+M期细胞百分比升高.发现OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能影响脾脏细胞周期进程和组织结构,拮抗铅对脾脏的毒性.     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠脾脏的保护作用

选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30 d,检测脾脏指数、组织结构及脾脏细胞周期进程的变化情况.与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后白髓与红髓分界变清,动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结数量、白髓的面积及脾脏指数明显增大,脾脏细胞周期进程中G2+M期细胞百分比升高.发现OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能影响脾脏细胞周期进程和组织结构,拮抗铅对脾脏的毒性.     

急性铅中毒对小鼠睾丸病理损伤研究

为了研究急性铅中毒对小鼠睾丸病理变化的影响,通过对小鼠饲喂含有醋酸铅的去离子水建立铅负荷小鼠模型.处理10 d后取材,分析体质量、睾丸指数和睾丸病理剖检变化.结果显示：与对照组相比,铅中毒组小鼠体质量无明显变化,睾丸指数降低,且差异显著（P＜0.05）;小鼠睾丸中支持细胞、生精细胞和间质细胞数量减少.铅对小鼠睾丸具有显著损害作用,从而影响小鼠的生殖健康.     

金莲花中荭草苷和牡荆苷对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠脑组织动态抗氧化作用研究

目的：研究金莲花中荭草苷和牡荆苷对D-半乳糖（D-galactose,D-Gal）致衰老小鼠脑组织抗氧化酶活性的动态影响,探讨荭草苷和牡荆苷对脑组织抗氧化酶系活性作用的时效关系。方法：采用D-Gal腹腔注射（intraperitoneal injection,ip）致亚急性衰老小鼠模型,8周造模成功后,分成正常组、模型组、荭草苷和牡荆苷各三个剂量组（40,20,10 mg·kg-1）,维生素E（20 mg·kg-1）对照组。各治疗组从第9周开始每日上午分别灌胃（intragastric perfusion,ig）给药,每日一次。给药第2,4,6,8周时,分别断头处死小鼠,用预冷的生理盐水制成10％的脑组织匀浆,8000 rpm离心得上清液,检测超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶以及脑脂褐素含量。结果：与模型组相比,给药2,4周后,各治疗组抗氧化酶系虽有提高但差异无统计学意义,给药6,8周后,各治疗组在提高抗氧化酶系活性以及降低脑脂褐素含量上差异有显著性。荭草苷组和牡荆苷组相比,给药2,4周后,各剂量组在提高抗氧化酶活性及降低脑脂褐素含量上差异无统计学意义,给药6周后,荭草苷40,20,10 mg·kg-1三个剂量组在提高抗氧化酶活性及降低脑脂褐素含量上优于同等剂量的牡荆苷,给药8周后,荭草苷20 mg·kg-1和10 mg·kg-1剂量组在提高抗氧化酶系的活性及降低脑脂褐素含量上高于同等剂量的牡荆苷,而40 mg·kg-1剂量组差异无显著性。与维生素E组相比,给药8周后,荭草苷和牡荆苷20,10 mg·kg-1两个剂量组在提高脑组织抗氧化酶系活性及降低脑脂褐素含量上低于维生素E组,40 mg·kg-1剂量组差异无显著性。结论：荭草苷和牡荆苷具有提高D-Gal致衰老小鼠脑组织抗氧化酶活性的作用,随给药时间和给药剂量的增加,其提高抗氧化酶活性的作用增强。40 mg·kg-1的荭草苷和牡荆苷抗氧化作用?     

原花青素联用胡椒碱减轻抑郁样行为的机制研究

目的：探讨原花青素（proanthocyanidin,OPC）不同剂量联用胡椒碱（piperine,PIP）的抗抑郁样行为及其机制.方法：采用慢性不可预知性温和应激模型,连续造模联合给药21d后,d 22测定小鼠悬尾、强迫游泳不动时间;用高效液相电化学法测定小鼠海马和前额叶皮层中单胺递质及其代谢产物的含量,荧光分光光度法检测全脑单胺氧化酶活性.结果：与正常组相比,模型组小鼠悬尾和强迫游泳测试中的不动时间显著增加;同时其海马、前额叶皮层中5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（norepinephrine,NE）含量显著下降,但5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid,5-HIAA）与5-HT比值（5-HIAA/5-HT）显著上升.OPC （50、25、12.5 mg·kg-1）剂量组联用PIP（5 mg·kg-1）能够逆转这种现象.此外,OPC （50、25、12.5 mg·kg-1）剂量组联用胡椒碱（5 mg·kg-1）组还能降低由于应激引起的单胺氧化酶（monoamine oxidase,MAO）A型活性升高,但不影响单胺氧化酶B型活性.结论：原花青素联用胡椒碱可以改善由于慢性应激对小鼠造成的抑郁样行为,其机制可能与降低单胺氧化酶活性,增加单胺递质含量有关.     

山楂、杭菊花、决明子煎剂对甲基硫氧嘧啶诱导小鼠动脉硬化的保护作用研究

观察山楂、杭菊花、决明子（SHJ）煎剂高、中、低剂量代茶灌胃对小鼠动脉硬化（AS）模型的保护作用.用甲基硫氧嘧啶和动物猪油造小鼠动脉硬化模型,采用血象法分析检测小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、血清甘油三脂（TG）、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的含量,观察小鼠主动脉弓血管的形态学变化.研究结果表明：与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清HDL-C含量显著减少,TG、TC、LDL-C显著增加（p〈0.05）;与正常对照组比较,模型组血管壁增厚,脂肪堆积物增多.与模型组比较,山楂、杭菊花、决明子煎剂高、中剂量组小鼠血清HDL-C含量显著增加,TC、TG、LDL-C含量显著减少,对血管壁上脂肪的清除作用效果显著.结论：山楂、杭菊花、决明子煎剂代茶灌胃对小鼠高血脂模型具有保护作用,并能清除残留在血管壁上多余的脂肪堆积产物,加速脂肪物质代谢,预防动脉硬化的形成.     

小鼠实验性缺氧脑和肺组织MDA、LD及LDH的变化(英文)

目的：探讨小鼠实验性缺氧脑和肺组织丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）、乳酸（Lactic acid,LD）含量和乳酸脱氢酶（Lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）活性变化。方法：18只小鼠随机分为3组,①正常对照组;②急性缺氧组;③急性一氧化碳染毒组。分别测定脑和肺组织MDA、LD、LDH含量和活性。结果：急性缺氧组和急性一氧化碳染毒组小鼠脑和肺组织MDA和LD含量显著增高。LDH活性在两实验组小鼠肺组织显著降低,而在脑组织无显著性改变。结论：MDA和LD含量在缺氧早期脑和肺组织是易变化性指标,其改变可能与该组织损伤程度有关。肺较脑对缺氧产生的自由基损伤更敏感。     

游泳运动对增龄小鼠肾脏细胞凋亡和自由基代谢的影响

为探讨游泳运动和增龄对小鼠肾脏细胞凋亡及一氧化氮（NO）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响.本实验采用8月龄昆明种系健康小鼠为研究对象,随机分为2组：运动组、增龄对照组,另设2月龄青年对照组.运动组的运动方式为游泳,共训练6周.结果显示,增龄小鼠肾组织中SOD活性与青年对照组相比下降,MDA含量...     

益智仁水提取物对脑老化小鼠海马SOD活力及蛋白含量的影响

[目的]观察益智仁水提取物(A lp in ia oxyphylla M iq.fru it,AOF)对脑老化小鼠海马SOD活力及海马蛋白含量的影响.[方法]选用健康成年昆明种小鼠60只,雌雄各半,随机数字表法将其分成5组:对照组、模型组、脑复康组、AOF低剂量组、AOF高剂量组.用D-半乳糖皮下注射诱导小鼠脑老化模型,采用学习记忆行为训练和生化测定结合的方法,观察AOF对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响,测定海马组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和海马蛋白含量.[结果]①AOF对脑老化小鼠学习记忆能力的影响:模型组达标所需训练次数显著高于对照组(p<0.01),AOF低、高剂量组达标所需训练次数显著低于模型组(p<0.01).②AOF对脑老化小鼠海马SOD活力的影响:模型组小鼠海马SOD活力显著低于对照组(p<0.05),AOF低、高剂量组小鼠海马SOD活力显著高于模型组(p<0.05).③AOF对脑老化小鼠海马蛋白含量的影响:与对照组比,模型组小鼠海马蛋白含量显著降低(p<0.01);与模型组相比,AOF低、高剂量组小鼠海马蛋白含量显著增高(p<0.01).[结论]AOF可提高脑老化小鼠海马SOD活力,增加海马蛋白含量,对D-半乳糖诱导脑老化小鼠的学习记忆障碍具有显著的改善作用.     

拟黑多刺蚁对小鼠SOD、MAO含量和脂褐素的影响

本文观察了拟黑多刺蚁匀浆液对小鼠血中SOD活性、MAO含量及脾脏脂褐素的影响。给药组老龄小鼠与老年对照组比较RBC-SOD增高(P<0.01),脾脏脂褐素分布相对减少,两血浆MAO水平显著降低(P<0.01);与成年对照比较二酶均未见显著差异。     

Study on the neurotoxic effects of low-level lead exposure in rats

Objective: To investigate effects of developmental lead exposure on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in different brain regions and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. On the basis of these observations, we explored possible mechanisms by which lead exposure leads to impaired learning and memorizing abilities in children. Methods: A series of rat animal models exposed to low levels of lead during the developing period was established (drinking water containing 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.075% lead acetate). NOS activities in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the brain stem were determined with fluorescence measurement and levels of mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) subunit and NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit in the rat hippocampus were measured with Retro-translation (RT-PCR). Results: There were no differences in the body weight of rat pups between any of the groups at any given time (P>0.05). The blood lead level of Pb-exposed rat pups showed a systematic pattern of change: at 14 d of age, it was lower than that at 7 d of age, then rising to the peak level at 21 d and finally falling to lower levels at 28 d. The hippocampal NOS activities of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21st and 28th day (P<0.01). NOS activities in the cerebellum of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21st and 28th day (P<0.001) and the NOS activity of the 0.025% group was significantly lower than that of the 0.05% and 0.075% groups on the 28th day (P<0.05). NOS activity in the cerebral cortex of the 0.075% group was significantly lower than that of the control, 0.025% and 0.05% groups on the four day spans (P<0.001). There was no significant difference of NOS activity in the brain stem between any lead-exposed group and the control group on the four day spans. In the 0.05% and the 0.075% groups, the level of NR2A mRNA expression was higher than that in the control group at 7 d and 14 d of age (P<0.05). In the 0.025% group, the level of NR2A was found to be higher than that in the control group at 7 d of age only (P<0.05). No significant differences were found for the levels of NR2B mRNA expression between any of the groups at any given time. Conclusions: NOS activity in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum are inhibited by lead exposure. The degree of the inhibitory effect depends on the time span of exposure and the lead concentration. Developmental low-level lead exposure was found to raise the level of NR2A mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. Developmental low-level lead exposure does not affect the level of NR2B mRNA expression in the hippocampus.     

黄芩甙对肝损伤小鼠肝抗氧化功能影响的研究

目的:观察黄芩甙注射液对四氯化碳(CCl4)致急性肝损伤小鼠肝抗氧化功能的影响。方法:50只小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为对照组、模型组、黄芩甙注射液低、中、高(0.25 g/kg、0.50 g/kg、1.00g/kg)剂量组。用CCl4制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠体重变化,肝指数,肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,谷胱甘肽(GSH)及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与对照组及模型组比较,黄芩甙各剂量组小鼠试验前后的体重及肝指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。与模型组比较,低剂量组小鼠肝SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量差异不显著(P>0.05),而GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05);中、高剂量组SOD、GSH-Px活性极显著提高(P<0.01),GSH含量极显著升高(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:黄芩甙能显著增强急性肝损伤小鼠肝SOD、GSH-Px活性,提高GSH含量,降低MDA含量,并表现正向的量效关系。     

Engagement with online self-tests as a predictor of student success

Online self-testing as part of the online learning environment (OLE) provides practice questions on key concepts with immediate feedback – in a ‘no-risk’ environment. OLE activity was analysed for 471 on-site and distance students enrolled in health science courses to determine total activity on the OLE and usage of online self-tests. The study also aimed to determine whether utilisation of self-tests differed by final grade, particularly between students who just pass (C grades and Restricted pass) and those who fail (D and E grades). Results indicated that on-site students were significantly more active on the OLE compared to distance students. However, these groups engaged similarly with self-tests and achieved a similar distribution of grades. A significant positive relationship was found between final grade achieved and percentage of self-tests attempted. This relationship was significant regardless of study status (on-site or distance), course studied or total activity logged. A more targeted analysis of C?+?R vs. D?+?E students showed that although these two groups were similar on overall usage of the OLE, C?+?R students utilised self-tests to a significantly greater extent. Recommendations from this study are that students (particularly those struggling to achieve academic success) should be directed towards online self-tests.     

拟黑多刺蚁对小鼠SOD、MAO含量和脂褐素的影响

本文观察了拟黑多刺蚁匀浆液对小鼠血中SOD活性、MAO含量及脾脏脂褐素的影响。给药组老龄小鼠与老年对照组比较RBC-SOD增高(P<0.01),脾脏脂褐素分布相对减少,而血浆MAO水平显著降低(P<0.01);与成年对照比较二酶均未见显著差异。     

三七总皂苷对小鼠学习记忆及脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响

目的：研究三七总皂苷对小鼠学习记忆功能及对内乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的影响。方法：对东莨菪碱致学习记忆障碍小鼠进行跳台及“Y”型迷宫行为学检验,同时测定了小鼠脑内AchE的活性。结果：在跳台实验和“Y”型电迷宫行为学检测中,三七总皂苷用药组（100,200mg／kg）对小鼠学习记忆功能有明显的改善作用,并可抑制小鼠脑内AchE活性。结论：三七总皂苷对东莨菪碱造成的学习记忆获得障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力均有明显的改善作用,该作用可能与抑制AchE活性有关。     

丹参联合胞二磷胆碱治疗大鼠脑挫伤的机理研究

目的：探讨丹参与胞二磷胆碱联合应用治疗脑损伤的机制。方法：取成年wistar大鼠，以自由落体法致大鼠脑挫裂伤．采用721分光光度计检测伤后24h、7d和14d时．治疗组与对照组脑组织中SOD、MDA、GSH—PX和Ca^2＋含量。结果：治疗组SOD和GSH—PX活性提高．而且与模型组及对照组比较．SOD有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。治疗组脑组织Ca^2＋含量明显降低。结论：丹参在治疗脑损伤时，可以提高SOD活性，拮抗自由基和钙离子超载对脑的损伤。