养老院老年人幸福度与自理能力现状及相关性研究

目的:调查养老院老年人幸福指数和自理能力现状,探讨养老院老年人自理能力与幸福指数的相关性,为提高养老院老年人幸福度提供依据。方法:应用日常生活能力量表、纽芬兰纪念大学老年幸福度量表对镇江地区养老院100名老年人进行调查分析。结果:养老院老年人的幸福指数得分为29.77±10.17分,处于中等水平;日常生活能力得分为27.81±11.06分。养老院老年人幸福指数与自理能力得分具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论:养老院老年人的幸福指数处于中等水平,老年人幸福指数与自理能力相关,要从老年人自身、养老院管理及护理人员入手,提高老年人自理能力以提升养老院老年人幸福指数。     

海员心理健康状况的研究

本研究采用幸福感指数量表和抑郁自评量表对186名海员进行调查.结果表明:是否已婚、受教育程度及年龄等因素对海员幸福感有显著影响;未婚、本科学历及25岁以下的海员幸福感最高;是否已婚、受教育程度,海龄、年龄等因素对海员的抑郁水平没有显著影响.     

职业院校成年学生在线学习自我效能感与深度学习的关系研究

目的探讨职业院校成年学生在线学习自我效能及深度学习的现状及影响因素,分析两者的相关性。笔者在2020年6到7月之间,采用网络深度学习量表和成人在线学习自我效能感量表对河南省某职业技术学院随机选取的50名成年学生进行调查。结果发现:职业院校学生在线学习自我效能感得分为(3.447±0.429)分,深度学习得分为(3.027±0.550)分,相关分析显示,学生在线学习自我效能感对网络深度学习有正向预测作用,两者关系呈正相关(P0.01)。     

基于回归分析的子宫肌瘤子宫全切术后抑郁状态与社会心理因素的相关性研究

目的:观察社会心理因素与子宫肌瘤子宫全切术后抑郁状态之间的关系。方法:对128例子宫全切术后病患者进行社会心理因素、抑郁自评量表、社会支持评定量表调查,然后进行logistic回归分析及Pearson相关分析。结果:子宫全切术后患者抑郁症发病率为53.22%;受教育程度偏低、个人承担医疗费的就医模式和发作次数多是抑郁状态发生的高危因素,(P0.05);SDS与客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度动能力呈负相关,其关联性具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:子宫全切术后患者抑郁状态发生率高;与社会心理因素密切相关。     

炫耀性消费对大学生主观幸福感的影响:心理控制源三维度的多重中介作用

目的:探讨心理控制源在大学生炫耀性消费与主观幸福感间的关系,了解心理控制源三维度(内控性、机遇、有势力他人)在炫耀性消费与主观幸福感间的多重中介作用。方法:采用炫耀性消费倾向量表、心理控制源量表以及主观幸福感量表对800名在校大学生进行调查,通过AMOS建模及Boot strap方法进行分析。结果显示:(1)大学生的炫耀性消费与主观幸福感显著负相关;(2)心理控制源在炫耀性消费对主观幸福感的影响中发挥着中介作用,其中内控性和机遇的中介效应显著,有势力他人的中介效应不显著。结论:炫耀性消费对大学生的主观幸福感产生消极影响作用,心理控制源的内控性和机遇维度在炫耀性消费与主观幸福感间起着中介作用。     

晨练对老年人生活满意度及主观幸福感的影响

采用《生活满意度指数A（LSIA）》和《费城老年中心（PGC）信心量表》对老年人进行调查,探讨晨练与老年人生活满意度和主观幸福感的关系。结果显示晨练组与对照组之间生活满意度、主观幸福感、激越、对年龄的态度、孤独与不满均存在差异。晨练组中,男女之间量表总分以及各个分量表得分上均不存在差异。对照组中,男女之间生活满意度、信心、对年龄的态度、孤独与不满均存在差异。坚持晨练的老年人具有较高的生活满意度水平,拥有较大主观幸福感。没有晨练习惯的老年人中,女性拥有较高的生活满意度水平,具有较高的生活满意度水平,对年龄的态度更积极,较少有孤独的感觉。     

高校保安压力、社会支持和主观幸福感的现状及其关系

目的：了解高校保安人员的工作压力、社会支持以及主观幸福感现状,并探讨三者之间的关系。方法：采用社会支持评定量表（SSS）、压力量表（PSS）和中国城市居民主观幸福感量表简本（SWBS－CC）,对广州市大学城内的所有高校（共10所）中的保安群体进行调查。结果：1）高校保安工作压力较大,且幸福感状况低于一般城镇居民。2）压力与主观幸福感有显著的负相关（r=-0.536,P＜0.01）,社会支持各维度与主观幸福感有显著的正相关（r=0.218,0.029,0.436;P＜0.01）;压力与社会支持的各维度都有显著的负相关（r=-0.184,-0.174,-0.573;P＜0.01）。3）压力和社会支持各维度对主观幸福感有直接的预测作用,压力通过社会支持各维度对主观幸福感有间接的预测作用。结论：良好的社会支持体系有利于高校保安人员缓解压力,提升其主观幸福感。     

高校青年教师职业倦怠与焦虑、抑郁的关系的调查研究

目的:调查和探讨高校青年教师的职业倦怠与焦虑、抑郁的状况及关系。方法:采取整群抽样法,选取南昌市464名高校青年教师为研究对象,运用职业倦怠量表教师版(MBI-ES)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行研究,使用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果:高校青年教师存在中度的情绪衰竭和低成就感,以及轻度的情感淡漠;存在中度焦虑和轻度抑郁;情绪衰竭和情感淡漠对焦虑与抑郁具有显著的预测效应。结论:高校青年教师的职业发展与心理健康应得到重视,建构心理健康维护网络与扶助机制建设体系为可行之策。     

教师幸福感指数与职业认同、社会支持的关系研究

目的：了解教师幸福感指数与职业认同、社会支持的关系。方法：采用幸福感指数量表、教师职业认同调查问卷、社会支持评定量表,对374名中小学教师进行了调查。结果：教师职业认同、社会支持与幸福感指数存在显著相关,职业发展认同、主观支持是教师幸福感指数的预测因子。结论：教师的职业发展认同水平、主观支持水平对其幸福感指数有影响。     

大学生感戴与心理健康、主观幸福感的关系研究

目的:研究大学生感戴与心理健康、主观幸福感的状况及三者的关系。方法:采用董霞修订的大学生感戴问卷,段建华修订的总体幸福感量表以及Kessler10中文版量表,对武汉市380名大学生进行调查,回收有效问卷353份。结果:(1)大学生的感戴水平存在性别差异(F=3.483,p<0.05),大学生的心理健康水平存在专业类型差异(F=5.793,p<0.05);(2)大学生感戴与主观幸福感存在正相关,与心理健康存在负相关,三者之间存在线性关系,分层回归分析表明大学生感戴和心理健康可以解释主观幸福感43.3%的变异。结论:女大学生感戴水平高于男大学生,文科大学生心理健康水平低于理工科大学生;大学生的感戴状况和心理健康水平可以显著预测主观幸福感,感戴水平和心理健康水平越高,大学生的主观幸福感越强。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.