协同学习技术系统中的知识建构动力学机制研究

知识建构成为一种新的学习隐喻,探究知识建构的微观动力学机制是提升深度学习的有效途径。基于协作标注和可视化知识建构的新型协同学习技术系统,通过实验研究和口语报告法,分析学习者在学习过程中的知识建构动力学机制,探究学习技术系统在支持学习者知识建构过程中的作用与效果。结果表明,协同学习机制在学习者个体和群体知识建构的不同阶段起着动力作用,协同学习技术系统较好地实现了知识的集体建构和集体记忆的图式化呈现。本研究能够对学习技术设计和协同学习系统建构提供一种微观指导。     

大规模协作支持的 在线学习集体智慧生成路径研究

在线学习环境中,大规模群体通过深度交互,充分交织个体智慧,能生成具有重要价值的集体智慧。然而,在大规模协作实际运行中,群体协作和群体知识建构效果不佳,导致个体智慧孤立,集体智慧形成的基础薄弱。构建在线学习集体智慧生成路径(OCIG):以个体智慧为起点,在媒介供给、组织策略和社交互动的支持下,能实现个体参与群体协作,最终生成集体智慧。并依此设计大规模协作方案,进行实践与分析,结果表明:适切的媒介功能,为集体智慧生成提供技术保障;多样的组织结构,转变集体智慧生成方向;提供逐级的互动支架,能够提升集体智慧层次。     

在线协作学习中学习任务难度对知识建构的影响研究

现有在线协作学习效果影响因素的研究,较少探讨任务难度与知识建构之间的关系。为探究两者间的内在联系并拓宽现有研究,文章采用内容分析法,从横向维度的整体、个人、知识建构各阶段及纵向维度的协作不同时期出发。研究发现:在线协作学习中,学习任务对应知识建构水平由高到低依次为:较困难任务>容易任务>很容易任务>很困难任务;并为教师在线教学提出建议,为在线协作学习质量的提升、深度学习的有效实施提供了参考。     

在线学习环境中交互行为与动态认知投入分析

交互行为与动态认知投入之间存在一定的联系,对于知识的建构和生产等至关重要。虽然在线学习环境中的交互行为与动态认知投入受到了诸多研究者的重视,但是在探究不同在线交互行为、动态认知投入及其之间的序列关系以清晰理解基于群智进行协同知识建构、生产、联通的过程方面还缺乏足够的实证研究。因此,以一门在线开放课程讨论区中的文本数据为基础,采用文本挖掘与LSA相结合的方法,探究不同交互行为、动态认知投入及其之间的序列模式。结果表明,在线学习环境中学习者交互行为呈现重复性、非连续性特征,动态认知投入行为序列模式呈现重复性、非线性以及非渐进性特征;随着交互行为程度的持续加深,动态认知投入也更为复杂,反馈的高阶认知也更多。当交互行为处在浅层阶段时,学习者知识建构、生成、联通倾向反馈低阶认知和高阶认知,处在低阶认知反馈向高阶认知反馈的过渡期;当交互行为处在深层阶段时,学习者知识建构、生成、联通倾向反馈全高阶认知;当处在社会情感交互阶段时,学习者知识建构、生成、联通倾向反馈情感认知,具有积极和消极双重作用。最后,基于研究发现对学习者在线学习的知识建构、生产、联通提出一些可参考的建议。     

情绪交互对在线协作学习者知识建构的影响

情绪交互可以在一定程度上决定在线学习者协作知识建构的成效。为了探究情绪交互的网络结构特征及其对在线学习者协作知识建构的影响程度,研究综合采用社会网络分析法和内容分析法,从整体网络视角分析在线协作讨论中情绪交互的网络结构特征,并依据Gunawardena提出的知识建构模型对在线学习者协作知识建构水平进行了分析。研究发现,情绪交互的连通性较低、密度整体不高、中心势偏高,而且在线学习者的协作知识建构总体水平也不高,主要集中于知识分享和知识分析层次。其次,情绪交互密度和中心势不仅与知识协商和知识修改之间存在显著相关关系,而且在一定程度上可以预测在线协作知识建构水平。鉴于此,文章从情绪交互视角提出了提升在线学习者协作知识建构水平的策略。     

经验认知冲突探究法——一种翻转课堂模式下的深度协作知识建构学习策略探索

协作知识建构是实现知识创新的重要途径,然而,在场无建构、建构无深度和深度难持续的现象是翻转课堂面临的主要挑战,原因在于学习者的经验知识匮乏、概念建构乏力和持续动力不足。为此,研究基于经验之塔理论和认知冲突理论提出了经验认知冲突探究法,它包括经验生成系统、个体认知冲突系统、集体认知冲突系统和知识建构系统。采用基于设计的研究方法,通过三轮迭代实验逐步改进了评价权重、问题设计和学习支架,最终形成了一种翻转课堂模式下的深度协作知识建构策略。研究结果表明,经验认知冲突探究法消解了以微视频为主的经验学习模式的局限性,提供了多元化经验生成方式,建立了以问题嵌入驱动个体、小组和集体认知冲突的基本方法,开发的学习支架能够促进学习者进行深度协作知识建构的连续统发展。     

协同学习技术系统的套具设计

协同学习技术系统是一个面向深度知识建构的学习支持框架,这一框架通过结构化的工具套件支持个体协调发展与群体有序互动,实现"深度互动、汇聚共享、集体思维、合作建构、五场协调",落实面向高阶学习目标的知识建构操作理念.基于计算机支持下的协作知识建构(CKB)的基本理念,协同学习技术系统更加注重对个体和群体的学习过程中文化变量、协同机制和认知机制的支持,从而实现学习系统中个体与群体在信息和知识场域的互动与协调,指向课堂知识创新.本文系统分析了协同学习的三个基本阶段,即信息汇聚、群体思维和知识建构,阐释了协同学习技术系统的概念框架,设计并初步实现了协同学习技术系统支持套具,为技术支持的教学创新提供了创新性的解决方案.     

基于交互分析的协同知识建构的研究

该指出，计算机支持的协作学习(CSCL)主要研究协同知识建构的过程以及设计工具支持这一过程的实现，而共享、论证、协商、创作、反思和情感交流是实现协同知识建构的基础。目前，交互分析是明确CSCL中协同知识建构的本质、把握其规律的主要研究方法，其应用主要有四个方面，即通过分析成员个体和小组整体的知识结构变化、关系网络形成、互动结构、协同知识建构水平等来探讨协同知识建构的基本规律。该最后还分析了一个以这一方法来评估协同知识建构水平的研究案例。     

大学生在线知识建构行为及序列模式分析

为解决新时代下各种复杂问题,当代大学生应该具备知识建构能力,特别是学生能够通过在线协作平台不断进行提问、解释,从而共同解决问题并进行知识创造。由于学习过程数据可从在线学习平台获得,使得分析大学生知识建构的动态发展及序列模式成为可能。上海某高校教育技术专业的27名三年级学生参与了课程学习,并利用在线论坛进行了一学期的协作交互,共发帖787条。本研究采用内容分析法对所有帖子进行编码,利用滞后序列分析得到该课程三个协作阶段的编码行为序列。研究发现,随着协作的深入知识建构的层次逐渐提升,在不同协作阶段会出现不同的序列模式。分析在线学习行为及序列模式有助于教师更好地诊断影响学习结果的潜在问题,从而调整教学策略以促进其知识构建过程。     

网络研修中教师深度学习分析及支持对策研究

在教育数字化转型背景下,教师的网络研修已成为促进教师学习与专业发展的重要研修方式。为了探究网络研修中教师学习的质量与学习深度,本文结合内容分析与社会网络分析法,以教师的话语分析透视教师学习过程,探讨网络研修社群中教师的学习深度,指导共同体中各角色成员有效开展对话与深度讨论,最终指向教师实践性知识生成。研究发现：教师在线学习停留在经验分享阶段,缺乏批判与分歧性话语、问题深度不足,在线学习的知识网络结构松散,知识建构方向表现为阶段迂回和总体上升趋势。基于研究发现的问题,提出“加强问题设计”、“强化坊主专业引导”、“促进知识建构深度”、“加强教师学习分析”等具体化支持对策,以期促进网络研修中教师知识生成的深度与实践性知识生成。     

Student-Directed Assessment of Knowledge Building Using Electronic Portfolios

Despite emphasis and progress in developing collaborative inquiry in computer-supported collaborative learning research, little attention has been given to examining how collective learning can be assessed in computer-supported collaborative learning classrooms, and how students can have agency in assessing their own collaborative process. We propose that assessments should capture both individual and collective aspects of learning and be designed in ways that foster collaboration. We describe the design of student-directed electronic portfolio assessments to characterize and “scaffold” collaborative inquiry using Knowledge Forum?. Our design involved asking students to identify exemplary notes in the computer discourse depicting knowledge building episodes using four knowledge building principles as criteria. We report three studies that examined the designs and roles of knowledge building portfolios with graduate and Grade 12 students in Hong Kong and Canada. The findings suggest that knowledge building portfolios help to characterize collective knowledge advances and foster domain understanding. We discuss lessons learned regarding how knowledge building may be fostered and provide principles for designing assessments that can be used to evaluate and foster deep inquiry in asynchronous online discussion environments.     

The relationships between social participatory roles and cognitive engagement levels in online discussions

Understanding the relationship between social interaction patterns and cognitive engagement levels has critical implications on collaborative learning theory, pedagogy, and technology. This study used a multi-method approach to examine the relationship between students' social participatory roles and cognitive engagement levels within asynchronous online discussions. Results showed that students' social participatory role was a critical indicator of cognitive engagement level. Socially active students made more cognitive contributions to knowledge inquiry and knowledge construction. But there were exceptions: after taking leadership roles (i.e., discussion designers and facilitators), some students moved from peripheral participation to active participation. Second, there was a progressive development process: individual students' deep-level knowledge inquiry could trigger peer interaction, which could further advance group knowledge construction. Third, students had a tendency to keeping social-cognitive engagement patterns throughout discussions. Based on the result, this study proposed implications for collaborative learning theory, pedagogy support, and tool development.     

New Model,New Strategies: Instructional design for building online wisdom communities

We discuss the development of an instructional design model, WisCom (Wisdom Communities), based on socio‐constructivist and sociocultural learning philosophies and distance education principles for the development of online wisdom communities, and the application and evaluation of the model in an online graduate course in the USA. The WisCom model aims to facilitate transformational learning by fostering the development of a wisdom community, knowledge innovation, and mentoring and learner support in an online learning environment, based on a “Cycle of Inquiry” module design, and a “Spiral of Inquiry” program design. Extending beyond current instructional design practice, WisCom provides both a new model for teaching that builds upon the inherent capacity of networked communication to support the growth and intellectual development of communities of practice, and a new model of learning where learners engage in the process of scholarly inquiry that supports individual and collective learning. Evaluation and research data support the WisCom model's ability to design a learning community engaged in the collaborative construction of knowledge.     

Journaling and Self-Study in an International Research Collective

Drawing from the theoretical foundations of reflective teaching, culturally responsive education, social constructivism, and self-study, this collaborative self-study investigates the role of an interactive online journal in an international research collective. Each from a different country, the authors came together through a common interest in the “philosophy for children Hawai'i” approach to education and designed an online platform for journaling together. The overall objectives of the study are to examine how interactive online journaling influences international collaboration, individual research interests and goals, and personal and professional development. To analyze their journal the authors use an applied self-study research methodology that is self-initiated, improvement-aimed, and communicative. The findings reveal how journaling can create an international commons, deepen inquiry in the research process, and foster a culturally responsive approach to international collaboration. The discussion explores the impact of the authors' relationships and roles on their joint production of knowledge and elaborates the usefulness of collaborative technologies in reducing face-to-face tensions often experienced in cross-cultural collaboration. The authors explain how community, philosophical inquiry, and reflection in the context of online journaling proved to be powerful tools for culturally responsive researchers who wish to construct their own understandings of what it means to be a part of an international research collective.     

Rethinking the nature of online work in asynchronous learning networks

Research on asynchronous learning networks (ALNs) has indicated that there are problems with both the quantity and quality of online interactions that can undermine the aim of inquiry. The goal of this paper is to offer a new way of thinking about these problems in the context of knowledge building, a specific form of collaborative inquiry supported by an ALN. Drawing from interviews with teachers following two teacher education courses that introduced teachers to knowledge building, it is argued that we need to rethink the role and purpose of online work in ALNs—as building a communal learning resource. A framework for doing this is proposed in terms of three notions: collaboration, learning how to learn and idea improvement. The framework is expected to contribute to the literature on knowledge building by providing a new way to distinguish knowledge building from other forms of collaborative inquiry.     

Forming shared inquiry structures to support knowledge building in a grade 5 community

This study explores the reflective processes by which a grade 5 science community co-constructed shared inquiry structures to focus and guide its inquiry about human body systems over a school year supported by a collaborative online environment. The co-constructed structures included a list of collective wondering areas as the shared focus of inquiry and models of the inquiry process in the form of “research cycle.” Qualitative analyses of field notes, classroom videos, student notebooks and interviews elaborate the evolution of the inquiry areas and the “research cycle” model as well as students’ adaptive use of the structures to guide deeper inquiry. Content analyses of students’ individual research questions and collaborative online discourse indicate that students used the structures to develop more advanced inquiry and make productive contributions. The results contribute to elaborating a reflective structuration approach to co-organizing and sustaining long-term, open-ended inquiry in knowledge building communities.     

Space for performing teacher identity: through the lens of Kafka and Hegel

In this study, we argue that a teacher has a crucial role in leading students into collaborative inquiry‐learning practices. While many studies have given the impression that students are able to engage in inquiry processes on their own, the role of social practices and teacher guidance often remains unexplained. However, even when the pedagogical setting is organized toward collaboration and student‐driven inquiry, it does not mean that students will, as a matter of course, collaborate and take collective responsibility for their own learning. This research has been conducted by a teacher and researchers, and reports on the teacher’s impressions about organizing and promoting a computer‐supported collaborative inquiry process in her classroom of the fourth and fifth grade levels of a Finnish elementary school. The ‘Artifact Project’ was collaboratively designed together by the class teacher and researchers, but the teacher was responsible for implementing and adapting plans in practice. The aim of the ‘Artifact Project – the Past, the Present, and the Future’ – was to support students’ (n = 32) understanding of the diversity of artifacts. Students were asked to analyze artifacts within the cultural context, to study physical phenomena related to them, and to design future artifacts. A collaborative learning environment, Knowledge Forum, facilitated the activities. During the process, the teacher wrote weekly in a reflective project diary. The template of the diary guided the teacher to reflect on the issues that she considered important at the writing moment: the organizing practices, topic content and process stages; how the classroom community functioned; as well as the role of technology as a support for the process. The contents of the diary were analyzed with qualitative content analysis with the help of AtlasTi software. This study depicts an experienced teacher’s practices, her efforts to promote pupils’ cognitive responsibility for advancing their collaborative object‐oriented inquiry process themselves. Instead of trying to control all aspects of pupils’ learning, the teacher assumed the role of an organizer concerning collaborative progressive inquiry and designing activities. Organizing and supporting activities were based on a continuous following of the pupils’ states of process. Knowledge Forum structured the process and mediated activities, and rendered their objects visible and accessible to the whole learning collective. We suggest that in order to expand and scale up advanced inquiry practices, teachers’ usually invisible work in guiding and directing classroom practices has to be made visible and should be analyzed in detail.     

协作学习交互分析方法之反思

当今教育理念已经从关注个体知识建构转向关注群体知识建构。协作学习作为一种群体建构的方式,已经成为各级各类教育特别是高等教育的一种主要学习方式。交互是协作学习的基本活动单元,也是理解协作学习本质的关键。交互分析是探究协作学习规律、把握协作学习过程变化的核心,也是诊断学习者对教学目标掌握程度的依据。交互分析研究的重心已经从交互的各种影响因素转移到小组交互过程的研究。但目前关于交互过程的研究主要集中在宏观的交互模式、成员关系、交互行为特征等方面,还存在对交互过程的分析粒度过粗、视交互为静态的过程、以及缺乏客观、有效的分析方法和工具等问题。目前已有的9种协作学习交互分析方法大多从言语行为的视角对交互过程进行分析,在划分分析单元、确定客观且可重用的编码体系,以及保证分析方法的信效度方面面临诸多挑战。基于信息流的协作学习交互分析方法着眼于整体,注重过程,并用新的效标即信息流所映射的目标知识网络图的总激活量来预测交互效果,信效度较高,可能成为一种有前景的交互分析方法。