青少年趣味田径运动发展和设计

为了使更多的青少年重新回到田径场,让他们跑起来、跳起来,重新喜欢田径运动,增加田径运动的基础人口,国际田联在2000年就推出了趣味性的田径运动,旨在以灵活有趣的田径运动形式,吸引青少年参加田径锻炼。从本期开始,本刊同“国际田联地区发展中心·北京”合作,向读者连续介绍《国际田联青少年发展规划》及图文并茂的趣味田径运动——《少儿田径运动教学卡片》和《趣味田径游戏》等。     

田径运动是各项运动的基础无可非议——兼与黄绍勤、吴太平两同志商榷

最近,我在《体育教学与训练》上看到了两篇否定田径运动是各项运动基础的文章,一篇是黄绍勤同志的《对田径运动是各项运动的基础的质疑》(刊于该刊1983年第四期),另一篇是吴太平同志的《田径运动是各项运动的基础的理论值得修正》(以下简称《质疑》和《修正》)。《质疑》从田径运动的动作形式和田径运动对发展专项身体素质的作用进行分析,同时还列举了我国许多优秀运动员田径运动能力都属于一般的例子,来论证田径运动不     

重新修订《田径运动高级教程》的思考

以现代田径运动理论与实践为着眼点 ,本着承前启后 ,更好地充实、修改和完善《田径运动高级教程》的宗旨 ,对重新修订《田径运动高级教程》进行了总结、分析和思考     

国际田联《田径运动新研究》中文版在中国出版发行

《田径运动新研究》是国际田联主办的学术期刊,每年四期(季刊),是由国际田联摩纳哥总部编辑出版的全球最权威的田径运动专业技术与理论性刊物,是国际田联向世界发布田径运动最新研究成果和田径运动信息的窗口,定期出版,全世界发行。《田径运动新研究》的主要栏目包括:专题报     

关于高校教科书“田径运动”定义的思考

对近些年来我国出版的多个版本的田径运动教科书中给田径运动概念所下的定义提出不同看法,认为用《田径竞赛规则》中所写的"田径运动包括径赛和田赛、公路跑、竞走、越野跑和山地赛跑"作为田径运动的定义写入教科书不妥。《国际田联章程》中并没有给田径运动下定义,而只是对田径竞技包含的项目做了简要说明。外国只有"田径竞技"这个概念,而没有"田径运动"这个概念。中国的田径运动这个概念虽然翻译自外国(最初翻译为田径赛),但发展至今,中国的田径运动与外国的田径竞技已存在区别。在高等学校教科书中给概念下定义,必须遵循逻辑学关于给概念下定义的方法与规则并符合中国的实际情况。田径运动是走、跑、跳、投的身体运动,包括田径竞技运动和田径健身运动。     

田径总论

G82,G807.01 20022737重新修订《田径运动高级教程》的思考=Thoughts onrewri ting the“track and field advancedteaching course”[刊,中,I]/韩敬//天津体育学院学报.-2001.-16(3).-67-68参6(TY)田径//教材//训练法//训练内容//修订以现代田径运动理论与实践为着眼点,本着承前启后,更好地充实,修改和完善《田径运动高级教程》的宗旨,对重新修订《田径运动高级教程》进行了总结、分析和思考。     

我国田径事业的重要基本建设

由全国体育学院教材委员会审定、人民体育出版社出版的《田径运动高级教程》的首发式暨田径运动训练理论研讨会,于1994年12月12日在京举行。     

《田径》杂志征订单

《田径》杂志1980年创刊,自创刊以来．深受广大读者、田径运动爱好者以及广大运动员和教练员的喜爱。 《田径》杂志主要面向国家队和各省市队的教练员、运动员;各青少年体校的教练员、运动员;田径科研工作者;大中小学校的体育教师和学生以及广大田径运动爱好者。     

国际田联《田径运动新研究》中文版在中国出版发行

《田径运动新研究》是国际田联主办的学术期刊,每年四期（季刊）,是由国际田联摩纳哥总部编辑出版的全球最权威的田径运动专业技术与理论性刊物,是国际田联向世界发布田径运动最新研究成果和田径运动信息的窗口,定期出版,全世界发行。     

《田径》杂志征订单

《田径》杂志1980年创刊,自创刊以来,深受广大读者、田径运动爱好者以及广大运动员和教练员的喜爱。 《田径》杂志主要面向国家队和各省市队的教练员、运动员;各青少年体校的教练员、运动员;田径科研工作者;大中小学校的体育教师和学生以及广大田径运动爱好者。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。