关于成果转化过程中产权转移模式的探讨

从科技成果在转化过程中各种可能的产权转移模式上,探讨随着技术开发主体、投资主体在成果转化过程中的变化以及资金投入和风险分担程度的变化,从而发现成果持有方与转化方在最终产业化成果中产权分享变化的内在规律,并辅以相关实施案例进行了讨论。     

知识管理在科技成果转化过程中的应用研究

知识管理融入科技成果转化是科技成果知识密集性的内在本质要求。通过对科技成果转化过程研究。提出了科技成果转化过程的三阶段知识管理模式,明晰了各阶段的知识管理重点,构建了基于模糊综合评价方法的科技成果转化过程知识管理状况评价模型,为知识管理在科技成果转化中的应用和评价提供了科学的借鉴。     

科技服务对科技成果转化质量的作用过程

科技服务是加速科技成果有效转化,提高科技成果转化质量的重要实现者。在服务主导逻辑下,剖析科技服务对科技成果转化异质主体实现合作行为的作用过程,通过知识、关系两方面的交互对科技成果转化、质量提升的作用机理,运用系统动力学建模与分析方法建立科技服务与科技成果转化主体的"知识-关系"交互模型,并进行仿真和灵敏度分析。研究结果表明,科技服务能够通过与科技成果转化主体在知识与关系两方面的交互有效,促进科技成果的转移与对接,提升科技成果转化质量。并以此为强化科技服务能力提供建议。     

对科技成果转化与评估的思考

科学技术研究是一种高级形式的生产劳动 ,是一种知识形态的潜在生产力 ,科技成果是这种高级形式劳动的产品。科技成果的推广应用是将这种知识形态的生产力转化为物质的生产力 ,将潜在的生产力转化为直接的生产力。科技成果的评估是对科学技术研究结果从科技水平、应用范围与作用、经济效益三个方面进行客观评价的过程 ,主要包括成果鉴定和成果评审等级两部分内容。成果转化与成果评估间有什么联系 ?成果评估对成果转化有何影响 ?本文拟从分析科技成果转化与成果评估的现状入手 ,探讨改革科技成果管理的措施。　现状分析　科学技术工作必须面…     

论职务技术成果转化收益分配机制的完善

在市场经济体制下,科技成果的转化是一个知识财富向实物财富、资本向实物的转化过程。就此而言,科技成果的转化意味着各种转化主体利益的转化。成果转化收益的分配机制是科技成果转化体制改革中的键环节。从现行法律法规、政策措施、及实践操作等层面出发,分析了建立契约化的分配机制是解决职务技术成果完成人与所在单位之间的收益分配问题的关键所在。     

知识-关系交互下科技服务对科技成果转化质量的作用过程研究

科技服务是加速科技成果有效转化,提高科技成果转化质量的重要实现者。在服务主导逻辑下,剖析科技服务对科技成果转化异质主体实现合作行为的作用过程,通过知识、关系两方面的交互对科技成果转化质量提升的作用机理,运用系统动力学的建模与分析方法,建立了科技服务与科技成果转化主体的知识-关系交互模型,并进行仿真和灵敏度分析。结果表明,科技服务能够通过与科技成果转化主体在知识与关系两方面的交互有效促进科技成果的转移与对接,提升科技成果转化质量,并以此为强化科技服务能力提供建议。     

发明人主导职务成果转化机制的实证研究——以甲醇制取低碳烯烃成果转化为例

从知识的视角,一项职务成果就是一个由显性知识和隐性知识构成的知识包,分属于科研单位和发明人控制,因此,是否赋予发明人主导职务成果转化,既是一个重大的理论问题,也是一个重大的政策问题。论文首先提出研究假设,即由于显性知识与隐性知识的控制权分离,导致转化主体分别与研发主体、消费主体、融资主体分别出现技术距离、市场距离和融资距离;而且这三类距离越大,越需要发明人来主导职务成果转化;随后,采用案例研究方法,以甲醇制烯烃成果转化案例进行实证检验。论文的实证结论显示,采用创业分拆方式来推进发明人主导职务成果转化,即把发明人及其职务成果整体孵化转化为企业性质的转化主体,由发明人主导职务成果转化,消除了这三类距离,促进职务成果顺利转化。     

中国农业科技成果转化的特点、存在的问题与发展对策

中国农业科技成果转化的特点明显,包括地域性特征明显、基础性与公益服务性突出、转化周期长、影响因素复杂、不确定性和风险大、转化受体类型多样、与发达国家相比具有存在现象的独特性等。中国农业科技成果转化也存在明显的问题,包括:成果的源头产出与供给不足;转化率不高与市场交易不活跃;成果产出主体从事转化的动力与能力不足;成果转化队伍整体素质不高;缺乏适应市场机制的专业化服务性中介队伍;转化受体对农业科技成果的依赖性和重视程度不够;政策法规制度的设计不健全等。文章提出了促进中国农业科技成果转化的发展对策,包括:增强农业科技成果的源头产出与供给能力;鼓励和发挥多种主体推进农业科技成果转化的积极性;提高农民和新型生产经营主体承接成果转化的积极主动性;完善政策法规体系建设和制度设计;加强服务性中介队伍建设,拓展并完善投融资渠道,构建信息服务平台;重点推进若干农业科技成果转化的技术体系建设与领域方向发展;以辩证、系统、开放的观点与态度推进农业科技成果转化。     

科技成果转化知识对接的机理研究

科技成果转化的本质是知识的转移、转化,知识对接在科技成果转化中起着关键性的作用.本文以科技成果转化知识对接的动因为切入点,对不同转化方式下知识对接的特征进行比较,并构建科技成果转化知识对接的机理模型,揭示科技成果转化知识对接的内在规律性.这对于促进科技成果转化过程中知识的转移、转化,提高科技成果转化效率和效果具有重要的指导意义.     

技术紧贴民生需求转化彰显政府职责——粮食丰产科技工程产后技术成果转化

通过分析粮食丰产科技工程产后领域研究成果转化的过程,分析成果转化中以国家作为转化主体的科技成果转化工作的执行方式和创新特点,为进一步引导粮食行业科技成果向生产力转化提供有益的借鉴与支持。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.