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本研究通过对女子自行车运动员有氧代谢能力的测试,掌握了青少年自行车运动员的有氧能力水平,为教练员针对性制定训练计划提供了依据。对9名运动员进行递增负荷测试,测试运动员的最大摄氧量,相对最大摄氧量,呼吸商,最高心率和氧脉搏等指标。结果表明:青少年女子自行车运动员的最大摄氧量为3066.7±182.67ml/min;相对最大摄氧量为50.5±3.03ml/min.kg;青少年运动员有必要定期进行有氧能力测试,可以掌握运动员的有氧能力变化情况,也将为训练计划制定提供重要依据。 相似文献
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划船是一项大强度的耐力性运动项目,它要求运动员具备良好的有氧代谢能力。最大摄氧量常被作为评定耐力运动员有氧能力的指标。近几年国内外对划船运动员的有氧能力陆续作了研究报道。为了解我省划船运动员的机能水平,本文对四川划船集训队41名运动员最大摄氧量进行了测定分析,并与 相似文献
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运动员在从事耐力项目运动时,其能量供应来源主要依靠有氧代谢,因而有氧代谢能力的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩之间呈显著相关。长期以来,运动生理学家们把最大摄氧量(V02max)作为衡量人体有氧能力水平的重要指标。有氧能力在各种运动项目中的重要性是不同的。现已证明,最大摄氧量的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩密切相关,最大摄氧量愈大,运动成绩愈好。 相似文献
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目的:通过分析上海地区不同项群优秀青少年有氧能力,寻找不同项群有氧能力特点。方法:选择上海市2003—2014年一线、二线运动员测试数据库,从中筛选88名16岁以上男性,年龄为(17.5±1.2)岁,103名15岁以上女性,年龄为(16.4±1.1)岁,均为国家二级以上运动员,对其最大摄氧量绝对值和相对值进行统计分析,使用单因素方差分析以及Z分值等方法比较不同性别各项群间有氧运动能力特点。结果:耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值显著高于隔网对抗(P<0.05)与格斗对抗(P<0.01)。男性各项群间最大摄氧量相对值无显著差异;女性耐力项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于同场对抗(P<0.01)、隔网对抗(P<0.01)与格斗对抗(P<0.01);女性同场对抗项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于格斗对抗(P<0.05)。结论:耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值高于其他项群;体能主导类项群最大摄氧量相对值高于技能主导类项群;同场对抗项群最大摄氧量绝对值优于相对值,其余项群最大摄氧量相对值和绝对值同步。为科学训练提供有力数据支持,教练员可以结合项群有氧运动能力特点,判断运动员的有氧工作能力水平,从而针对性地制定训练计划,提高整体竞技水平。 相似文献
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目的:探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员有氧能力的评价方法,为制定针对性的训练计划提供参考。方法:以备战伦敦奥运会国家皮划艇队运动员为研究对象,包括8名男子皮艇、7名女子皮艇和6名划艇运动员。利用皮划艇测功仪采用逐级递增负荷至力竭测最大摄氧量、利用4级1 000 m递增强度划船测试乳酸阈(4 mmol/l对应的船速)。结果:伦敦奥运周期我国优秀男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员的绝对最大摄氧量分别为(5.25±0.22)l/min、(3.58±0.22)l/min、(4.85±0.13)l/min;相对最大摄氧量分别为(57.28±3.8 1)ml/(kg·min-1)、(50.92±3.78)ml/(kg·min-1)、(54.72±5.3)1ml/(kg·min-1),,经过3个月训练后男子皮艇和划艇运动员最大摄氧量无明显变化,女子皮艇运动员明显提高;男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员乳酸阈船速经过3个月的训练后都明显提高,提高幅度分别为11.92%、3.77%和14.37%。结论:我国伦敦周期优秀皮划艇运动员的最大摄氧量高于国际优秀皮划艇运动员的平均水平,和最大摄氧量比较,乳酸阈表现出更好的训练可塑性,能够更为准确的反映皮划艇运动员有氧能力的动态变化。 相似文献
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通过研究我国优秀青年短道速滑运动员有氧耐力和无氧耐力的特征,为地方队教练和基层教练的训练和选材提供参考依据.方法:以22名我国优秀青年短道速滑运动员为测试对象,利用Monark 839E功率自行车和metamex 3b最大摄氧量测试仪,分别测定队员的10 s,30 s,60s无氧功和最大摄氧量.结果:青年男子运动员10 s,30 s,60s无氧功分别为9.84±0.72 w/kg,9.02±0.43 w/kg,7.20±0.57 w/kg,最大摄氧量为68.73±4.78 ml/min·kg;青年女子运动员10s,30s,60s无氧功分别为8.67±0.69w/kg,8.12±0.41w/kg,6.67±0.42 w/kg,最大摄氧量为56.76±3.91 ml/min·kg.结论:青年男子、女子的10 s无氧功明显低于速滑运动员,但是30 s和60s无氧功明显高于速滑运动员,该项目运动员的最大摄氧量水平较低. 相似文献
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一、研究背景 运动员在从事耐力项目运动时,其能量供应来源主要依靠有氧代谢,因而有氧代谢能力的大小与耐力项目的运动成绩之间呈显著相关。长期以来,运动生理学家们把最大摄氧量(VO2max)作为衡量人体有氧能力水平的重要 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果:(1)近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;(2)城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;(3)乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;(4)城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明:定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究,提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点,提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论,体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关,体育与教育部分重叠,体育与宗教最为近缘,体育可借用科学手段,体育的艺术禀性日益明显,体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献