儿童青少年的体育活动和体质水平与其肥胖风险的流行病学研究

现代社会肥胖已是全球性的公共健康问题。儿童青少年时期的肥胖与其成年后的肥胖及心血管疾病风险高度相关。大量的横向和纵向研究表明,儿童青少年时期的体育活动(特别是较高强度的体育活动)量、体质(特别是有氧能力和肌肉力量)强弱均与其未来肥胖负相关。因此,儿童青少年时期增加体育活动,特别是较高强度的体育活动,增强体质,是预防未来肥胖的有效方式。     

以高考体育撬动青少年体质健康的坚冰

<正>当前,中国青少年的体质健康问题,受到社会各界的高度关注,确保"青少年每天在校锻炼一小时"已被写进2011年政府工作报告。针对国内有利的教育发展趋势和中国青少年体质健康问题不容乐观的现状,笔者认为,以高考体育撬动青少年体质健康的坚冰,是改变目前我国青少年体质问题的必然选择。一、当前青少年的体质健康问题近几年,学生体质健康出现的问题,引起党和国家的高度重视,先后出台了一系列相关文件,对学校体育和体育活动提出了明确要求。     

高校冬季开展阳光体育的措施

拥有健康的体魄是人类的追求,是社会发展、经济进步的先决条件,青少年的体质提升关系祖国的未来.但我国却存在着青少年体能持续下降、视力不良率居高不下、城市超重肥胖青少年比例明显增加、农村青少年营养状况堪忧等问题.大学生时代正是人世界观形成的关键时期,高校冬季开展形式多样的阳光体育活动,建设多元化的校园冬季体育俱乐部、利用手机APP传授冬季运体育动技能、加强宣传营造阳光体育运动的良好舆论氛围、丰富校园文化生活等,培养青少年的健康意识、锻炼意识,使其身心全面发展,为实现中华民族的繁荣昌盛与伟大复兴打下健康基础.     

谈学生健康体育生活方式的培养

健康体育生活方式对人的身心健康具有良好的促进作用,对人在学生时期健康体育生活方式培养的研究具有深远的意义。本文采用文献资料法分析了当前我国学生体质健康状况,阐述了青少年学生健康体育生活方式的培养与学生的健康成长及国家发展的关系,并就如何促进健康体育生活方式的形成提出建议。研究表明生活方式已成为影响人类健康的首要因素,培育健康体育生活方式能够有效的预防与治疗现代文明病,促进人类的健康。今天正在接受学校教育的青少年学生,将走21世纪我国轻会主义建设的主力军。2000年我国学生体质健康调研结果显示,我国学生体质健康方面还存在着一些不容忽视的问题,与1995年相比我国学生的速度素质、耐力素质、柔韧素质、爆发力素质、力量素质等均有所下降,肺活量继续呈下降趋势,城市肥胖儿童明显增多,近视率居高不下。另外．我国学生心理品质方面也存在一些明显弱点,缺乏抗挫折能力,意志比较薄弱,缺乏竞争意识和危机意识等。这些问题如何并决将直接影响我国在21世纪的国际竞争中能否赢得胜利。这种形势迫切要求加强对青少年学生进行健康教育,重视其健康体育生活方式的培养。培养策略是：学生健康观念的树立是其健康体育生活方式形成的前提;以运动参与为突破口,促进健康体育生活方式的养成;积极创造家庭、学校、社区三位一体的有利于学生健康生活方式形成、发展的环境。     

超重肥胖型男大学生的运动实施度与耻意识分析

我国改革开放以来,随着人民生活水平的提高和教育改革的不断深化,青少年学生整体健康水平有了明显增长.然而,我国青少年学生在体质健康方面存在一些不容忽视的问题,如超重肥胖的检测率呈明显增长.以"健康第一"为指导思想的学校体育教育,要研究青少年学生突出的身心健康问题--超重肥胖,提高学生的健康素质.本研究对在校大学生的体质指数(BMI)、运动实施度和耻意识进行检测,并分析不同BMI指数类型男大学生的运动实施度与耻意识的相互关系及影响作用.     

单威：《国家学生体质健康标准》

一直以来,青少年体质问题就是社会各界关心的焦点,如何进一步加强学校体育工作,扭转学生体质与健康持续下滑状况,推进学校体育综合改革,是一个亟待解决的问题。目前很多家长朋友们对青少年体质以及体质健康的标准缺乏总体的认识。为此,《青少年体育》杂志特邀请北京体育大学运动医学博士单威为我们讲解青少年体质健康的综合知识以及《国家学生体质健康标准》的相关知识,旨在使更多的家长、老师和同学们了解青少年体质健康、重视青少年体质健康。     

发展体育素养对小学生健康状况的影响分析

1985年开始的关于青少年健康状况的调查显示,中国青少年的体质持续下降,并且这个势头还没停止。青少年体质问题着重表现为:肥胖率增加、近视比例增加、身体素质停滞不前甚至还有下降的趋势。继"七号文件"之后,"27号文件"的下发从宏观的层面提出了要全面提升学生的体育素养的要求。本文从小学生肥胖状况的微观层面入手,从国家的宏观调控为准则,将体育素养分为体质健康和精神健康两方面,着重从学校这一中观层面为切入点探讨学校培养过程中体育素养对小学生肥胖健康情况的影响。     

健康促进视域下青少年体质健康教育模式的构建

1前言 新时期,我国青少年体育发展呈现出新趋势,学校体育、社会体育和家庭体育是青少年在不同时期、不同生活领域中参加体育活动的实践过程,我国的学校体育应该向社会体育和家庭体育延伸,才能适应终身体育和健康教育的要求.《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》中明确指出,“把培养青少年良好的体育锻炼习惯和健康的生活方式作为当前和今后一个时期加强青少年体育工作的要求之一.”其中进一步指出,“加强家庭和社区的青少年体育活动,形成学校、家庭和社区的合力.”在此背景下,以重视发挥个人、家庭、社会的健康潜能为核心取向的,基于社会生态观的个体和环境交互作用的健康促进理论为我们建立“三位一体”健康教育模式提供了充分的理论依据.     

大学生锻炼方式转变研究

目前大学生体质连年下降举国关注。依据《学生体质健康标准试行方案与实施办法》、《体育活动等级量表》和李克特量表,对800名大学生进行了相关测量和调查,并对测查结果加以客观的数理统计与比较分析。结果发现:不少大学生肥胖、超重或体重较低,尤其男生超重、肥胖或营养不良的比例偏高;女生的运动态度较男生消极;大学生对体育课需求倾向得分最高的选项是"愉悦身心",反映其健身目标较为单一、片面、缺乏长远追求;不同性别和年级的大学生课外参与体育俱乐部和自主锻炼,在每周参与次数、每次参与时间和锻炼强度上的差异均具显著性。上述种种,揭示了大学生体质持续下降的成因。因此,大学生转变锻炼方式,培养健全体育意识和良好健身习惯,势在必行。建议:参照大学生锻炼方式转变结构图实施高校体育教育,"快乐体育"、"终身体育",最终回归"健康第一"。     

新世纪初我国部分城市青少年家庭体育现状调查研究

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、数理分析等研究方法,在对我国青少年体质情况进行分析的基础上,探讨我国青少午家庭的体育态度及行为、体育活动、体育观念、体育消费等问题,全面了解我国城市青少年家庭体育活动的现状、青少年体育消费情况及家庭的健康理念等相关问题,探寻我国家庭体育开展的內在规律与发展趋势,为更好地改善和解决我国青少年体质健康持续下降的问题提供参考.     

青少年肥胖发生的预防措施

近些年大中城市青少年的肥胖比例在逐年增加 ,它已经成为影响青少年身心健康的主要问题之一 ,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。通过对肥胖青少年的饮食、运动、心理卫生等现状进行深入调查和研究 ,提出了肥胖发生的预防措施。     

Are American children and youth fit?

We analyzed data from the National School Population Fitness Survey (Reiff et al., 1986) and data collected by the authors of the original study to assess the fitness of American children and youth based on the results of additional analyses. We then compared the numbers of children and youth meeting norm-referenced standards to numbers meeting recently adopted criterion-referenced health (CRH) standards for individual test items in the FITNESSGRAM (Institute for Aerobics Research, 1987) and AAHPERD Physical Best (AAHPERD, 1988) test batteries. The number of children and youth meeting CRH standards for multiple items in a test battery was also determined. Finally, data were analyzed to determine if changes in fitness have occurred among American children and youth over recent decades. Our results suggest that, with the exception of measures of arm and shoulder girdle strength/endurance, more children and youth meet criterion-referenced health standards than norm-referenced standards (50th percentile) and the majority of American children and youth meet CRH standards for individual test items. However, the majority of American children and youth cannot meet the CRH standards for a battery of items for either of the two batteries studied. A second look at decade to decade comparisons of fitness produced evidence that questions the idea that youth are less fit now than in previous years.     

Teaching Hygiene Visually

Abstract

We analyzed data from the National School Population Fitness Survey (Reiff et al., 1986) and data collected by the authors of the original study to assess the fitness of American children and youth based on the results of additional analyses. We then compared the numbers of children and youth meeting norm-referenced standards to numbers meeting recently adopted criterion-referenced health (CRH) standards for individual test items in the Fitnessgram (Institute for Aerobics Research, 1987) and AAHPERD Physical Best (AAHPERD, 1988) test batteries. The number of children and youth meeting CRH standards for multiple items in a test battery was also determined. Finally, data were analyzed to determine if changes in fitness have occurred among American children and youth over recent decades. Our results suggest that, with the exception of measures of arm and shoulder girdle strength!endurance, more children and youth meet criterion-referenced health standards than norm-referenced standards (50th percentile) and the majority of American children and youth meet CRH standards for individual test items. However, the majority of American children and youth cannot meet the CRH standards for a battery of items for either of the two batteries studied. A second look at decade to decade comparisons of fitness produced evidence that questions the idea that youth are less fit now than in previous years.     

儿童肥胖防治的有效措施

儿童肥胖已经成为全球性的流行病。在过去的几十年里,发达国家和发展中国家的儿童肥胖都迅速增长,肥胖流行具有全球性和地区性．．同时肥胖给儿童的健康带来了前所未有的沉重负担,肥胖对儿童的心理健康和学业表现会产生负面影响,肥胖的儿童认为,他们的生活质量与正在接受癌症治疗的儿童相差无几,文章用大量的实证研究分析了儿童肥胖的原因,并推荐了儿童肥胖的治疗措施。     

The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

BackgroundNew research suggests that the composition (mix) of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the lifespan. Consistent with this integrated movement behavior paradigm, a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age groups. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors, or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines, and multiple health indicators across the lifespan.MethodsFive online databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria, with no study design limits. The methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.ResultsA total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria. A total of 31 studies examined adherence (meeting vs. not meeting) to 24-h movement guidelines, and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors. Findings indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were (1) not associated with adiposity among toddlers, (2) favorably associated with health-related quality of life, social-cognitive development, and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers, (3) favorably associated with global cognition, health-related quality of life, and healthy dietary patterns in children, and (4) favorably associated with adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic, mental, social, and emotional health among children and youth. Significant associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of (1) adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers, (2) health-related quality of life among children, (3) adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic, social, and emotional health among children and youth, (4) cardiometabolic health in adults, (5) adiposity and fitness among adults and older adults, and (6) mental health and risk of mortality among older adults. The quality of the available evidence ranged from poor to good.ConclusionThe current evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health at all ages and that meeting the current 24-h movement guidelines is associated with a number of desirable health indicators in children and youth. Future studies should employ longitudinal and experimental designs, include valid and reliable measures of 24-h movement behaviors, and examine a wide array of health indicators across all age groups. Such studies would confirm the results from the primarily cross-sectional evidence drawn from studies included in our review and further advance our understanding of the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and health.     

浅谈学校武术的社会功能

学校武术具有广泛的适应性和强大吸引力,有利于培育和弘扬民族精神和增进青少年的健康;学校武术终身体育性的特点,对学生终身健康将产生深远的影响;学校武术与社会武术的互动,将带动社会武术的发展,进而促进全民健身活动的开展.     

儿童和青少年生长发育与肌肉力量发展评述

儿童和青少年时期是个体整个生命周期内身心发展最为关键的阶段,肌肉力量作为反映个体健康水平的重要维度,越来越得到人们的重视。不同国家和机构发布的公共卫生指南在鼓励儿童和青少年积极参加有氧活动的基础上,相继提出了关于强化肌肉骨骼健康的倡议。总体而言,肌肉力量的发展与表达始终伴随着生长和成熟,本文旨在从生长发育视角,对儿童和青少年肌肉力量的自然性发展进行评述,以期为儿童和青少年人群量身定制合理的运动计划,尤其是系统的抗阻训练方案提供参考和依据。     

Characteristics of sports participation and psychosocial health in children: Results of a cross-sectional study

Several studies suggest that sports participation is beneficial for psychosocial health. There is, however, only a limited number of studies about the relationship of specific characteristics of sports participation with psychosocial health. The present study investigated associations between characteristics of sports participation and three aspects of psychosocial health, i.e. internalising problems, externalising problems and prosocial behaviour. The examined characteristics of sports participation pertained to individual versus team sports, indoor versus outdoor sports, involvement in competition or not, and contact sports versus non-contact sports. Cross-sectional data were collected from 1768 Dutch children aged 10–12 years who were member of a sports club. These children completed the Movement and Sports Monitor Questionnaire Youth aged 8–12 years (MSMQ) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Linear multilevel analyses and logistic generalised estimating equation were conducted. Children participating in team sports, outdoor sports, or competition showed fewer internalising problems than children engaged in individual sports, indoor sports, or only training. The associations with internalising problems were stronger for boys than for girls. Children participating in non-contact sports showed fewer externalising problems than children performing non-contact sports as well as contact sports. Children practising indoor sports or non-contact sports showed better prosocial behaviour than children doing outdoor or contact sports. In conclusion, the form of sports participation seemed to matter highly with respect to internalising problems, especially for boys, and, to a lesser extent, with respect to externalising problems and prosocial behaviour. This offers starting points for developing tailor-made sports programmes for children.     

基于知识图谱的国外儿童青少年身体活动研究可视化分析

文章以web of science^TM核心合集数据库中收录的2017年到2020年间以儿童青少年身体活动为主题的文献信息为研究数据来源,运用文献资料法和Cite Space知识图谱分析国外儿童青少年身体活动研究外部特征和基本情况,解析当前儿童青少年身体活动研究的经典引文,揭示研究热点。国外儿童青少年身体活动的研究呈现出跨众多学科且多领域之间相互交叉的态势;研究来源期刊种类丰富多样,涉及学科领域广泛;美国和澳大利亚虽发文量最多,中心性较低;英格兰、新加坡和南非其研究影响力较高;大学是该研究领域的核心机构;儿童青少年的体质和健康问题,锻炼对儿童体质和健康的干预尤其是对肥胖儿童青少年体质健康干预与慢性病方面研究是国际上关注的焦点;身体活动水平对非传染性疾病的预防方案的制定和实施、儿童和青少年身体活动准则的制定、儿童青少年久坐行为与多项身体以及心理健康指标之间的关系等研究构成了该领域的经典被引文献。     

世界人口老龄化与中国体育发展

20世纪 5 0年代以来 ,全球逐步出现了人口老龄化现象 ,特别是发达国家更是如此。紧接着 ,东南亚地区也随着经济的发展出现了人口老龄化。中国是一个最大的发展中国家 ,人口老龄化现象越来越严重 ,因之而产生的各种健康问题日益突出。体育运动是增加“健康人生寿命”的最佳途径 ,如何最大限度发展群众体育运动、扩大体育活动场所是我国各级行政部门的重大社会发展任务。