影响中学生体育锻炼行为的动机因素

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等,从影响中学生体育锻炼行为的动机因素出发,试图说明中学生的体育动机是影响其体育锻炼行为的内在动力因素.中学生个体内在因素(自我效能、期望价值、目标设定)、体育兴趣和社会支持(父母影响、学校支持)是关注的焦点,这些因素对个体的自我认知系统起到重要的影响作用,进而影响其体育锻炼行为的产生.     

影响青少年体育锻炼行为的动机因素研究

从影响青少年体育锻炼行为的动机因素出发,试图说明青少年的体育动机是影响其体育行为的内在动力因素。青少年个体内在因素(自我效能、期望价值)、体育兴趣和父母影响是关注的焦点,这些因素对个体的自我认知系统起到重要的影响作用,进而影响其体育锻炼行为。     

影响高中学生参加体育锻炼的因素分析

影响高中学生参加体育锻炼的因素分析河南师范大学董翠香，李军人的行为受很多因素的影响，概括起来讲可分两个方面；一是内在因素（或主观因素），包括生理因素和心理因素；二是外在因素，主要指客观存在的自然环境、社会环境和文化环境。这说明人的行为不仅与个体的身心...     

学生体育锻炼习惯的形成机制初探

学生体育锻炼习惯形成的内在机制表现为个体在环境作用下,建构由动力因素、定向因素和执行因素统一的态度结构,并和体育锻炼行为之间形成稳固的联系。动力因素包含对体育锻炼必要性的认识与情感体验,从而形成需要及动力机制。定向因素是对体育锻炼内容本身的认识。对行为起直接指向作用。执行因素即行为执行中的监控因素,主要是动作经验。在体育锻炼习惯形     

基于解释结构模型的锻炼坚持机制分析

为了系统地理解锻炼者继续坚持或退出体育锻炼的原因和机理,应用解释结构模型法构建了以锻炼承诺为核心的锻炼坚持机制的理论模型。理论模型包括5层次17系统要素,模型简化层次路径是:社会环境→个体→认知决策→承诺→行为。分析结果表明:继续锻炼的心理承诺是动机定向、效果评价、行为可能性预测三个心理决策过程产生的,个体因素和社会环境通过这三个心理决策过程对坚持锻炼行为产生影响。     

不同锻炼阶段与锻炼益处及障碍认知的相关性研究

采用行为转变理论的体育锻炼阶段量表和健康信念模型的锻炼益处及障碍量表(EBBS)对320名城镇社区居民进行了问卷调查,通过文献资料法和数理统计的相关方法,分析了城镇居民的锻炼益处及障碍认知,以及与不同锻炼阶段的相关性。结果表明:居民在不同阶段的分布较为合理,锻炼行为阶段理论能够较为精确地对居民的体育锻炼行为进行解释;居民个体对于体育锻炼的多数益处项目表示"同意"或者"非常同意",说明居民虽然还没有完全形成有规律体育锻炼的习惯,但对于参加体育锻炼的好处有较为充分的认知;居民对于锻炼的障碍项目同意程度稍低,对于个体不参加体育锻炼行为的影响来说,运动障碍的作用比运动益处的作用更强烈;"锻炼环境"等外部因素只能够在短期改变个体的行为,并不能在行为的长期维持上起决定性的作用,而个体的内部因素或者锻炼动机是其锻炼行为改变和维持的主要因素,这为早期的运动干预提供了新的工作思路。     

大学生锻炼行为影响因素的结构方程模型分析

从个体与人际层面探讨大学生体育锻炼行为影响因素及交互关系。以浙江省5所高校1150名大学生为研究对象,采用体育锻炼等级、自我效能、行为态度、行为认知、教师支持以及同伴支持6个量表进行测试,利用结构方程模型对数据进行分析与建模,得到个体与人际水平的大学生体育锻炼行为促进模型。结果显示:锻炼自我效能是大学生体育锻炼行为促进的重要因素,人际水平中同伴支持能够对大学生的锻炼自我效能产生影响;同伴支持对大学生体育锻炼行为的影响大于教师支持,教师支持通过大学生体育锻炼认知与态度影响体育行为。研究认为,在针对大学生群体的体育锻炼行为促进中应关注同伴支持的重要作用,以及教师课堂教学质量的提高。     

竞争性抑制：青年群体体育锻炼行为的代际特点

通过构建青年群体体育锻炼行为影响因素的分析框架,重点考察80后、90后青年体育锻炼行为的抑制因素。研究发现,我国居民体育锻炼行为已出现显著的代际差异,80后青年群体体育锻炼参与率和参与频率相对较低,竞争性因素的挤压及其代际差异是解释青年群体与中老年群体锻炼行为代际差异的主要因素,同时也对传统的社会人口因素和健康因素的影响存在一定的抑制效应。本质上,锻炼行为的代际差异是个体生命历程的阶段差异和时间管理体系对事件赋权转变双重作用的结果。基于锻炼行为的代际差异及其影响因素,在实施健康中国战略和全民健身国家战略的进程中,要针对青年群体和中老年群体的特征和需求,更有指向性地实施相关的锻炼促进策略。     

家庭环境对大学生余暇体育锻炼行为的影响

运用文献、问卷调查以及统计分析等研究方法,从家庭微观环境视角研究其对大学生余暇体育锻炼行为的影响,探索中国大学生余暇体育锻炼行为的影响因素。研究结果表明:父母受教育程度与大学生余暇体育锻炼行为的关系呈现低度负相关;父母参加锻炼状况与大学生余暇体育锻炼行为的关系呈正相关;父母对子女参加体育锻炼的态度对大学生参加余暇体育锻炼相关不密切;兄弟姐妹参加体育锻炼对大学生参加余暇体育锻炼有正性影响;大学生的原居住地与其参加余暇体育锻炼行为相关。来自农村乡镇的大学生余暇体育锻炼行为优于其他居住地的大学生;同一居住地的大学生的体育锻炼行为,男生明显好于女生。     

家庭社会资本对青少年体育锻炼意识与行为的影响及反思

运用文献资料、问卷调查及数理统计等研究方法,从社会学的角度分析家庭社会资本对青少年体育锻炼意识与行为的影响。结果表明：家庭的体育态度、体育锻炼氛围及网络结构对青少年体育锻炼意识与行为的形成具有显著性意义;家庭文化层次、体育态度对青少年体育锻炼认知层次具有显著影响,家庭经济收入对青少年直接参与体育锻炼及参与有偿体育锻炼具有显著意义。促进青少年体育锻炼意识与行为的形成,不仅需要优化家庭社会资本质量,而且也要注意家庭社会资本相关因素的建构。     

运动干预对女性戒毒人员复吸倾向的影响

运动戒毒现如今已发展成为一种重要的戒毒干预方式,也渐渐成为女性戒毒人员的新疗法。降低戒毒人员回归社会后的复吸率是戒毒工作的一大难题。女性担任的社会角色具有一定特殊性,影响其复吸倾向的因素错综复杂。采用文献分析法总结归纳针对女子戒毒人员开展的运动治疗方式与复吸倾向研究的相关文献,论述影响女性戒毒人员复吸倾向的相关因素与机制,现阶段运动戒毒方式对女性戒毒者的影响以及发展方向,总结其对生理健康、心理健康与社会健康的改善效果,以期为运动干预策略提供理论基础,帮助真正达到戒断和防止复吸的目的。     

A case study on the experiences of university-based Muslim women in physical activity during their studies at one UK higher education institution

The case study explores the experiences of Muslim women in the area of physical activity participation conducted whilst they were studying at one UK University. Previous research in the field indicated that Muslim women can be denied opportunities to participate in areas of sport-related physical activity through multiple factors such as socio-cultural, familial, religious or sporting structural constraints. Despite increased knowledge about the inclusion of Muslim girls in school-based physical education and sport, there is a dearth of literature on Muslim women's experiences post their school years. Informed by socio-cultural theories of the body, identity and embodied cultures, the study focuses on Muslim women's early physical activity experiences, university-based participation patterns and reflections on the influences that shaped their attitudes and beliefs towards such participation. Open-ended questionnaires, 34/50 returned (68%), and 6 in-depth interviews were conducted with volunteers studying a wide range of programmes. Content analysis revealed that values, attitudes and behaviours were largely influenced by the family; prior to university, the women's physical activity experiences were mixed and dependent on family activity patterns and school-based opportunities; university recreational sport-related provision did not cater for the women's Islamic needs denying them opportunities to participate. Religious belief and cultural expectations made a significant contribution to the women's preferences for participation environments that respected their Islamic beliefs.     

Sport physiology research and governing gender in sport—a power–knowledge relation?

This article sets out to show how physiological knowledge about sex/gender relates to power issues within sport. The sport physiology research at the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Swedish acronym: GIH) during the twentieth century is analysed in relation to the political rationality concerning gender at GIH and within the Swedish Sports Confederation during the same period. The analysis is constituted by Michel Foucault's notion of power–knowledge relations and regimes oftruth. The construction of sex/gender in the physiological research changes over time. Comparative studies on the function of ‘sexual difference’ during strenuous work, which, in hindsight, might be seen to restrict women's sport participation, was gradually displaced by a lack of interest in sexual difference, and later by a growing fascination with sexual difference from a ‘gender perspective’ in terms of women being ‘different but equal’ to men. This displacement goes hand in hand with a displacement of the political rationality concerning gender at GIH and within the Swedish Sports Confederation, where a pre-World War II strategy of excluding women's competitive sport participation, restricting women's physical exercise to gymnastics, was after 1945 followed by a strategy of including women. This was at first in the name of ‘women's right to do sport’—where the physiological research advocated this endeavour—and later in the name of ‘women's right to do sport on their own terms’. However, the research was still being conducted based on the male physiology as the norm.     

Cultural and social factors affecting women's physical activity participation in Taiwan

The world is becoming a global village and within many professions, including physical education and sport, individuals have multiple opportunities to work and socialize with people from different ethnic backgrounds, cultures, lifestyles, religions, etc. Due to the increasing cultural diversity, it is important for physical education and sport professionals to understand how cultural and social factors of different ethnic groups and countries may influence a person from participating in physical activity. The aim of this paper was to examine some of the traditional and recent cultural and social factors that have an impact on women's participation in physical activities in Taiwan. Factors such as changes within the family structure, equal education opportunities, and the growing attention from the government toward physical activity for all have motivated and encouraged women in Taiwan to participate in physical activity. The other aim of this paper was to emphasize the importance of Taiwanese women's physical activity participation and to encourage continued involvement in physical activities.     

城市中老年人体育锻炼自我效能感及影响因素研究——基于在上海市的抽样调查

体育锻炼自我效能感是个体对自己参与体育锻炼能力的信念。它对人们的体育锻炼行为具有很强的预测性。本文通过对上海市5个区县的中老年人的自我效能感进行问卷调查,采用spss20.0统计分析,得出结论:上海市中老年人的体育锻炼积极性较高,有较好的锻炼习惯;他们的体育锻炼自我效能感处于中等水平;上海市中老年人的体育锻炼自我效能感与平均每周参加体育锻炼时间和次数存在显著相关;性别与运动自信存在显著负相关;民族、学历与抗阻自信存在显著相关。     

新疆高职学生课外体育锻炼与学生人格和人际关系的影响研究

为了深化西部地区高职院校素质教育改革，提升高职学生人格及人际关系发展水平，利用自编体育锻炼行为调查问卷、人格量表及人际关系量表对新疆1 659名高职学生进行调查，探究课外体育锻炼对人格发展及人际关系的影响。结果显示：新疆高职学生体育锻炼的参与度、锻炼时长、锻炼频率、锻炼次数较为合理；高职学生的人格及人际关系水平存在性别及年级的差异性；体育锻炼对高职学生人格及人际关系的影响显著；体育锻炼与人格发展呈现正相关，与人际关系呈现负相关。建议：新疆高职院校应加强对学生体育锻炼的宣传及鼓励，通过积极的引导，提高学生体育锻炼的参与度，从而促进学生健康人格发展及人际关系水平的提高，推动高职学生全面协调发展。     

Women's 2011 Football World Cup: The impact of perceived images of women's soccer and the World Cup 2011 on interest in attending matches

The popularity of women's soccer has increased in Germany since the inauguration of the sport in 1970 by the German Football Association. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current image of women's soccer in general and the pre-event image of the World Cup 2011 in particular, as well as the key drivers and indicators that trigger interest in attending women's soccer matches. The study sample consists of sport-interested individuals who were questioned concerning their attitudes and actions related to the attendance at women's soccer matches at different leisure facilities and sport events in Germany in 2009 (n = 1284). Additive image indexes were created in order to evaluate the respective images of women's soccer and the Women's World Cup. Regression analyses were applied to test the key drivers for interest in attending matches. The results suggest that age is important in determining the perceived image of women's soccer and the Women's World Cup and gender influences the perception of the pre-event image of the Women's World Cup. Moreover, various image indicators influence future behavior which applies as well to age. No differences were found regarding an effect of gender on future behavior. Regarding women's soccer it can be said that the more interesting, exciting and cheerful it is perceived to be, the higher the interest in attending matches. These attributes can be used in marketing communications to foster game attendance.     

第二届青运会排球专项身体素质成绩及与比赛名次的关系

目的：通过分析第二届青运会排球专项身体素质成绩、项目设置及与比赛名次的关系,为青年排球专项身体素质测试及训练提供有借鉴意义的参考。方法：收集第二届青年运动会男排U18组和女排U17组24支球队的专项身体素质成绩和比赛名次进行统计并分析二者相关性。结果：男排U18组和女排U17组助跑摸高的成绩分别为(3.24±0.11) m、(2.91±0.11) m,占总分比为20.1%、21.9%;半“米”字移动成绩分别为(15.66±0.74) s、(16.95±0.84) s,占总分比为20.8%、18.1%;30 m跑成绩分别为(4.35±0.18) s、(4.98±0.23) s,占总分比为23.2%、18.2%;抛掷实心球成绩分别为(12.32±1.82) m、(9.22±1.45) m,占总分比为23.0%、22.1%;男子1 500 m项目平均成绩为(337.14±28.79) s,占总分比为12.8%,女子800 m成绩为(183.10±22.28) s,占总分比为19.6%。男排U18组和女排U17组身体素质总分与比赛名次呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),即身体素质总分越高,比赛名次越靠前。结论与建议：男排U18组和女排U17组各队助跑摸高成绩差距最小,半“米”字移动、抛掷实心球和1 500 m(800 m)跑成绩差距较大;女排U17组身体素质项目各项得分较为均衡,成绩设置合理,男排U18组1 500 m项目设置的必要性及得分设定需进一步分析研讨;青年排球专项身体素质成绩越高,比赛名次越好,目前采用的专项身体素质测试方法较为合理,对竞赛成绩有较好预测性。     

当代女性健身观念与行为的影响因素和特点——以北京地区为例

通过文献资料、访谈、调查问卷等方法,以北京地区为例对当代女性健身观念与行为进行讨论与分析。从被调查者年龄结构、受教育程度和职业分布能够比较全面反映出当代女性健身观念和行为的现状。研究显示:当今,女性健身目的明确且理性,大部分女性认为体育健身应是生活的一部分,并认为对体育健身的参与度反映出女性的社会地位及参与体育健身是现代女性的标志之一。当代女性特别是知识女性对体育健身与人的身心健康的关系认知程度都比较高,认为体育健身是改变身心健康的有效途径,特别是年轻的女性参与体育锻炼更多的是源于对自身身心健康的关注。但是,从参与体育健身的人数和每周健身的频度,反映出当代女性健身观念和健身行为的不一致性。在现实当中,由于女性角色传统与现代的冲突,在参与健身时存在着女性与男性实际上的不平等。     

新冠肺炎疫情背景下大学生锻炼态度、锻炼行为与身体自尊的关系研究

本研究以1 628名参与体育网课的大学生为调查对象，对新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生的锻炼态度、锻炼行为与身体自尊进行测量，并探讨三者之间的关系。结果表明：居家期间大学生的锻炼态度不够积极；女生的锻炼行为与男生存在明显差距；女生的身体自尊水平相对偏低。研究发现锻炼态度、锻炼行为、身体自尊三者之间具有显著的相关性，体育网课期间需要高度重视大学生尤其是女大学生的身体自尊水平，需要加强锻炼态度的引导以及锻炼行为的干预。