中年亚健康人群血清生化指标研究

目的：了解中年亚健康人群的血清生化指标特点。方法：以筛选出的中年（35～55岁）亚健康人群为研究对象（203例,其中男性131例,女性72例）,以中年健康人群作为对照（40例,其中男性20例,女性20例）,检测其空腹血尿酸（UA）、血糖（GLU）、血脂及肝功能相关的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）等生化指标,并分析各生化指标的特点。结果：中年亚健康人群的UA、TC、TG、TC/HDL-C和LDL-C水平均显著高于健康对照组,且亚健康男性高于同年龄段的亚健康女性（P〈0.05）,HDL-C水平显著低于健康对照组,且亚健康男性低于同年龄段的亚健康女性（P〈0.05）;GLU水平均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;亚健康男性的TG水平达1.86±0.94 mmol/L,明显高出正常血脂上限水平1.7 mmol/L,表现出边缘性升高;亚健康组与健康组的ALT、AST、ALT/AST等肝功能指标无显著性差异,但是亚健康男性的ALT、AST、ALT/AST和ALP显著高于亚健康女性;亚健康男性三个年龄段的UA水平均高于正常范围;随着年龄的增长,亚健康人群的TG及TC/HDL-C水平均有增高的趋势,HDL-C则呈下降的走势。结论：中年亚健康男性的血尿酸和血脂等生化指标表现出异常的趋势。     

我国中年男女亚健康人群血液生化指标的比较研究

目的:通过比较我国中年男女亚健康人群血液肝肾功能及血糖血脂指标,来分析我国中年亚健康人群的健康水平.方法:以中年(35 -55岁)亚健康人群203例为研究对象,其中男性131例,女性72例,检测并比较男女亚健康人群的空腹血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(IP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)、血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等生化指标.结果:亚健康男性的ALT、AST、ALP、UA和Cr水平明显高于亚健康女性(P＜0.01或P＜0.001),而TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、TBIL、DBIL、Urea和GLU与亚健康女性无显著差异(P＞0.05);亚健康男性的TC、TG、LDL-C及TC/HDL-C等极显著高于女性(P＜0.001),而HDL-C水平极显著低于女性(P＜0.001).结论:我国中年男女亚健康人群的肝肾功能正常,但是亚健康男性的血尿酸和血脂等生化指标表现出异常的趋势.     

中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者血脂水平影响的元分析——基于随机对照试验的证据

目的: 评价中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者血脂水平的影响效果。方法: 检索Google Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science(WOS)、EMBASE、维普、知网和万方数据库中关于中等强度有氧运动干预高血脂患者血脂水平的随机对照试验(RCT),检索期限从各数据库收录时间起至2020年12月。采用Stata 14.0 软件进行meta分析。结果: 共纳入13个RCT,826例患者。与对照组相比,中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者总胆固醇(TC)(SMD=-0.94,95% CI-0.15~-0.74, P<0.001)、甘油三酯(TG)(SMD=-0.95,95%CI:-1.41~-0.50, P<0.001)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(SMD=0.95(95%CI: 0.79~-1.11,P<0.001),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(SMD=-1.36(95%CI:-1.53~-1.19,P< 0.001)水平均有显著影响。结论: 中等强度有氧运动降低了血清中TC总量、TG和LDL-C水平,升高了HDL-C水平。每周6~7次、每次30~90分钟、坚持24~48周的中等轻度有氧运动可以作为高血脂患者改善血脂水平的运动处方。鉴于该研究还存在一定的局限性,仍需高质量的RCT予以论证。     

Show‐Jumping

This study examined the effects of the rider on the linear projectile kinematics of show‐jumping horses. SVHS video recordings (50 Hz) of eight horses jumping a vertical fence 1 m high were used for the study. Horses jumped the fence under two conditions: loose (no rider or tack) and ridden. Recordings were digitised using Peak Motus. After digitising the sequences, each rider's digitised data were removed from the ridden horse data so that three conditions were examined: loose, ridden (including the rider's data) and riderless (rider's data removed). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between ridden and loose conditions for CG height at take‐off (p < 0.001), CG distance to the fence at take‐off (p = 0.001), maximum CG during the suspension phase (p < 0.001), CG position over the centre of the fence (p < 0.001), CG height at landing (p < 0.001), and vertical velocity at take‐off (p < 0.001). The results indicated that the rider's effect on jumping horses was primarily due to behavioural changes in the horse's motion (resulting from the rider's instruction), rather than inertial effects (due to the positioning of the rider on the horse). These findings have implications for the coaching of riders and horses.     

Twelve weeks of low volume sprint interval training improves cardio-metabolic health outcomes in overweight females

This study compared the effects of 12-week sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (V?O_2peak), body mass and insulin sensitivity in overweight females. Forty-two overweight women (age 21.2 ± 1.4 years, BMI 26.3 ± 2.5 kg·m^?2) were randomized to the groups of SIT (80 × 6-s sprints + 9-s rest), and isoenergetic (300KJ) HIIT (~9 × 4-min cycling at 90% V?O_2peak + 3-min rest) and MICT (cycling at 60% V?O_2peak for ~ 61-min). Training intervention was performed 3 d·week^?1 for 12 weeks. After intervention, all three groups induced the same improvement in V?O_2peak (~ +25%, p < 0.001) and a similar reduction in body mass (~ – 5%, p < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin levels were improved significantly on post-training measures in SIT and HIIT by ~26% and ~39% (p < 0.01), respectively, but remain unchanged in MICT. In contrast, fasting glucose levels were only reduced with MICT (p < 0.01). The three training strategies are equally effective in improving V?O_2peak and reducing body mass, however, the SIT is time-efficient. High-intensity training (i.e. SIT and HIIT) seems to be more beneficial than MICT in improving insulin sensitivity.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HIEG: hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HR: heart rate; MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training; RPE: ratings of perceived exertion; SIT: sprint interval training; T2D: type 2 diabetes; V?O_2peak: peak oxygen consumption     

Priorities in Intercollegiate Athletics: Development of a Scale

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 15-week aerobic activity program on the total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels of 25 high school students, ages 14–17 years (experimental group = 14, control group = 11). Participants in the activity program exercised 4 days per week in a specially designed physical education class, while the control group participated in the regular physical education program. Results of the analysis of covariance found significant reductions in TC in the training group (control group Adj M = 190.2 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 173.1 mg/dl, p > .05), but no significant changes in HDL-C (control group Adj M = 49.8 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 50 mg/dl). While the exercise program appeared to have a beneficial effect on TC in 12 of 14 participants (86%), HDL-C also dropped in 12 of 14 participants (86%).     

Cardiorespiratory fitness,fatness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents from Porto

Abstract

In the present study, we examined different categories of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity and their relationship with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) factors in youth. We hypothesized that youngsters with low cardiorespiratory fitness would be at greater risk of CVD risk factors, whether they are obese or not. This study was carried out as a part of a longitudinal research project conducted in the Porto and Braga districts, Portugal, with children and adolescents aged 10–16 years of age. A total of 392 children (173 boys, 219 girls) participated in the study. We used a chi-square test to analyse the relationship between the participants' cardiorespiratory fitness and body weight (non-overweight or overweight/obese). For the purpose of this study, a new variable with four groups was created: non-overweight +unfit (37.4%), non-overweight + fit (35%), overweight/obese + unfit (11%) and overweight/obese + fit (10%). A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences according to fitness and fatness groups. The main finding of this study was that regardless of fatness, participants with higher cardiorespiratory fitness presented with a lower prevalence of CVD risk factors.     

Average acceleration and intensity gradient of primary school children and associations with indicators of health and well-being

ABSTRACT

Average acceleration (AvAcc) and intensity gradient (IG) have been proposed as standardised metrics describing physical activity (PA) volume and intensity, respectively. We examined hypothesised between-group PA differences in AvAcc and IG, and their associations with health and well-being indicators in children. ActiGraph GT9X wrist accelerometers were worn for 24-h·d^?1 over 7days by 145 children aged 9–10. Raw accelerations were averaged per 5-s epoch to represent AvAcc over 24-h. IG represented the relationship between log values for intensity and time. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using youth cutpoints. BMI z-scores, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), Metabolic Syndrome risk (MetS score), and well-being were assessed cross-sectionally, and 8-weeks later. Hypothesised between-group differences were consistently observed for IG only (p < .001). AvAcc was strongly correlated with MVPA (r = 0.96), while moderate correlations were observed between IG and MVPA (r = 0.50) and AvAcc (r = 0.54). IG was significantly associated with health indicators, independent of AvAcc (p < .001). AvAcc was associated with well-being, independent of IG (p < .05). IG was significantly associated with WHtR (p < .01) and MetS score (p < .05) at 8-weeks follow-up. IG is sensitive as a gauge of PA intensity that is independent of total PA volume, and which relates to important health indicators in children.     

急性太极拳运动对原发性高血压患者血压和血脂的影响

目的:探讨急性太极拳运动对原发性高血压患者血压和血脂的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法:以原发性高血压患者14人为研究对象,采用自身对照法,用DS-250型动态血压测量仪(美国产),观察休息日和运动日24小时动态血压变化。测定运动结束后即刻、24小时、48小时血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的动态变化。结果:与运动前相比,一次急性太极拳运动后,原发性高血压患者收缩压和舒张压都呈下降趋势,舒张压下降的程度更加明显(P<0.05)且更为持久,这种降压效应可持续18个小时以上,24小时后基本恢复到运动前水平。一次急性太极拳运动后即刻TC、LDL-C浓度明显下降(P<0.05),HDL-C浓度显著上升(P<0.05);运动后24小时HDL-C浓度持续升高(P<0.01),TG浓度明显下降(P<0.05),LDL-C回升并超过运动前水平;48小时后TC、TG、LDL-C的浓度基本恢复到运动前水平,HDL-C浓度仍然较高,但与运动前相比没有达到显著性差异。     

Effects of the rider on the linear kinematics of jumping horses

This study examined the effects of the rider on the linear projectile kinematics of show-jumping horses. SVHS video recordings (50 Hz) of eight horses jumping a vertical fence 1 m high were used for the study. Horses jumped the fence under two conditions: loose (no rider or tack) and ridden. Recordings were digitised using Peak Motus. After digitising the sequences, each rider's digitised data were removed from the ridden horse data so that three conditions were examined: loose, ridden (including the rider's data) and riderless (rider's data removed). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between ridden and loose conditions for CG height at take-off (p < 0.001), CG distance to the fence at take-off (p = 0.001), maximum CG during the suspension phase (p < 0.001), CG position over the centre of the fence (p < 0.001), CG height at landing (p < 0.001), and vertical velocity at take-off (p < 0.001). The results indicated that the rider's effect on jumping horses was primarily due to behavioural changes in the horses motion (resulting from the rider's instruction), rather than inertial effects (due to the positioning of the rider on the horse). These findings have implications for the coaching of riders and horses.     

体育舞蹈对绝经女性激素、血脂、免疫及骨密度相关指标的影响

目的：探讨体育舞蹈对绝经女性雌激素、血脂、免疫及骨密度相关指标的影响。方法：对28名身心健康的绝经女性进行6个月的体育舞蹈锻炼,测试锻炼前后受试对象的血清雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）等激素指标;甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等血脂指标;免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG等免疫指标和腰椎、股颈、股骨大转子处骨密度的变化,评价体育舞蹈运动对绝经女性的影响。结果：6个月的体育舞蹈锻炼后,绝经女性的E2较锻炼前提高（p〈0.01）,T水平下降（p〈0.01）;TG、TC、LDL-C较锻炼前降低（p〈0.05或p〈0.01）HDL-C较锻炼前提高（p〈0.01）,IgA、IgM、IgG较锻炼前提高（p〈0.05或p〈0.01）;腰椎L2-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子骨密度较锻炼前提高（p〈0.01）。结论：体育舞蹈锻炼对绝经女性雌激素、血脂及免疫机能有积极影响,能显著提高腰椎L2-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子骨密度。     

School-based prevention: effects on obesity and physical performance after 4 years

Juvenile obesity is increasing worldwide. Preventive strategies are warranted. The school-based Children's Health Interventional Trial (the CHILT Project) combines health education and physical activity for children. The effect on obesity and physical performance was studied after four years in 12 primary schools compared with five control schools. Anthropometric data were recorded. Physical performance was measured by a coordination test for children (balancing backwards, one-legged obstacle jumping, lateral jumping, sideways movements) and a 6-min run (endurance). No difference in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity was found between the intervention and control schools before and after the intervention. Remission of overweight was higher in the intervention schools (23.2 vs. 19.2%), but not significant. An increase in coordination related to lateral jumping and balancing backwards was apparent in the intervention schools (30.6, s = 10.8 vs. 26.1, s = 10.8, P = 0.005; 21.8, s = 11.8 vs. 19.4, s = 11.7, P = 0.007), and the increase in endurance performance tended to be higher in intervention schools (100.8, s = 122.7 vs. 92.8, s = 126.0, P = 0.055), adjusted for age, sex, baseline test result, and body mass index at final examination. Therefore, preventive intervention in primary school offers the possibility to improve physical performance in children. The prevalence and incidence of obesity were not affected.     

The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and psychological responses in overweight/obese middle-aged men

ABSTRACT

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a time-efficient exercise protocol to improve metabolic health, but direct comparisons with higher-volume moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) under unsupervised settings are limited. This study compared low-volume HIIT and higher-volume MICT interventions on cardiometabolic and psychological responses in overweight/obese middle-aged men. Twenty-four participants (age: 48.1±5.2yr; BMI: 25.8±2.3kg·m^?2) were randomly assigned to undertake either HIIT (10 X 1-min bouts of running at 80–90% HR_max separated by 1-min active recovery) or MICT (50-min continuous jogging/brisk walking at 65–70% HR_max) for 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks (2-week supervised + 6-week unsupervised training). Both groups showed similar cardiovascular fitness (VO_2max) improvement (HIIT: 32.5±5.6 to 36.0±6.2; MICT: 34.3±6.0 to 38.2±5.1mL kg^?1 min^?1, p < 0.05) and %fat loss (HIIT: 24.5±3.4 to 23.2±3.5%; MICT: 23.0±4.3 to 21.5±4.1%, p< 0.05) over the 8-week intervention. Compared to baseline, MICT significantly decreased weight and waist circumference. No significant group differences were observed for blood pressure and cardiometabolic blood markers such as lipid profiles, fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Both groups showed similar enjoyment levels and high unsupervised adherence rates (>90%). Our findings suggest that low-volume HIIT can elicit a similar improvement of cardiovascular fitness as traditional higher-volume MICT in overweight/obese middle-aged men.     

A randomised controlled trial of movement quality-focused exercise versus traditional resistance exercise for improving movement quality and physical performance in trained adults

ABSTRACT

The aim of this trial was to compare an eight-week individual movement quality versus traditional resistance training intervention on movement quality and physical performance. Forty-six trained adults were randomised to a movement quality-focused training (MQ) or a traditional resistance training (TRAD) group, and performed two individualised training sessions per week, for 8 weeks. Session-RPE (sRPE) was obtained from each session. Measures of movement quality (MovementSCREEN and Functional Movement Screen (FMS)) and physical performance were performed pre- and post-intervention. All measures improved significantly in both groups (3–14.5%, p = <0.005). The between-group difference in MovementSCREEN composite score was not statistically significant (0.3, 95% CI ?3.4, 4.1, p = 0.852). However, change in FMS composite was significantly greater in MQ (1.3, 95% CI 0.8, 1.8, p < 0.001). There were no significant between-group differences in physical performance (p = 0.060–0.960). The mean sRPE was significantly lower in MQ (5.25, SD 1.2) compared to TRAD (6.6 SD 1.0, p = <0.001). Thus, although movement quality scores were not distinctly greater in the MQ group, a movement quality specific intervention caused comparable improvements in physical performance compared to traditional resistance training but at lower perceived training intensity.     

黄参多糖和游泳运动对营养性肥胖小鼠血脂及瘦素水平干预的实验研究

目的通过黄参多糖(SGP)、游泳运动对采用高脂饮食建立的营养性肥胖小鼠血脂及瘦素水平进行干预,探索SGP及游泳运动的降脂减肥作用。方法本实验应用酶法测定了血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)﹑高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定了小鼠血清瘦素,称取生殖器周围脂肪质量,计算肥胖指数(Lee’s index)和脂肪系数。结果高脂组(HFD)与基础对照组(Cont)比,体质量增加,Lee’指数和脂肪系数差异达到显著,证明通过高脂饮食建立营养性肥胖模型是成功的;应用SGP或游泳运动或二者联用均能降低营养性肥胖小鼠的体质量、体脂,降低血清中TC、TG及LDL-C,升高HDL-C水平,瘦素水平也随之在减肥中发挥作用而逐渐接近正常,其中以SGP和游泳运动联用产生协同作用效果最佳,与HFD组比差异达到极显著(P<0.01)。结论 SGP或游泳运动均能使营养性肥胖小鼠降脂、减肥,尤其是二者联用效果极为明显,为其在实践中应用提供了科学依据。     

Does fundamental movement skill proficiency vary by sex,class group or weight status? Evidence from an Irish primary school setting

This study examined fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency among male (N = 216) and female (N = 198) Irish primary school pupils from Year 2 to Year 7 (9.0 ± 1.7 years). Following anthropometric measurements, participants were video-recorded performing 15 FMS and scored using the TGMD-3, Victorian Fundamental Movement skills Manual and the Get skilled: Get active guidelines. Percentage mastery ranged between 1.4% (gallop) and 35.7% (slide). A two-way ANOVA evaluated the effect of sex (male/female) and class group (Year 2/3/4/5/6/7) on individual skills, locomotor subtest, object-control subtest and total TGMD-3 (GMQ) scores. No significant sex ×class interaction effects were found. Large effect sizes were reported for male superiority in object-control subtest (η_p² = 0.26) and GMQ (η_p² = 0.16) scores (both p < 0.001). Older classes had higher object-control subtest scores than younger classes, but scores plateaued after Year 5. Furthermore, overweight participants had significantly lower locomotor subtest (p < 0.001, d = 0.7), object-control subtest (p = 0.03, d = 0.3) and GMQ scores (p < 0.001, d = 0.5) than non-overweight participants. This study highlights very poor levels of FMS mastery among Irish schoolchildren and stresses the need for developmentally appropriate, FMS intervention programmes that are inclusive regardless of age, sex or weight status.     

Testing the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model: Fatness and Fitness as Enabling Factors

As the prevalence of childhood obesity increases, it is important to examine possible differences in psychosocial correlates of physical activity between normal weight and overweight children. The study examined fatness (weight status) and (aerobic) fitness as Enabling factors related to youth physical activity within the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (YPAP). Youth ages 9–11 years (N = 1,103) completed the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates survey and the Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among variables. Overweight children reported lower scores on global self-esteem, perceived competence, attraction to physical activity, and parental influence (Cohen’s d ranging from .23 to .45 for girls; Cohen’s d ranging from .31 to .43 for boys). Weight status showed a small positive direct effect on physical activity (standardized path coefficient = .11), but did not show effects on psychosocial correlates (p > .05). Furthermore, aerobic fitness proved to be a stronger Enabling factor (standardized path coefficient = .26) than weight status within the YPAP model. Future research using the YPAP model may extend its utility as an evaluation framework for youth physical activity intervention studies.     

有氧运动与抗阻运动对非酒精性脂肪肝病疗效差异的Meta分析

目的:探索有氧运动和抗阻运动两种常见运动方式对非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)患者内脏脂肪、肝功能与脂代谢治疗效果对比,为患者选择适宜的运动方案提供依据。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库,搜集随机对照试验文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估文献质量,Review Manager 5.3软件meta分析。结果:1)内脏脂肪与脂代谢方面,有氧运动与抗阻运动之间的疗效差异不具有统计学意义;2)肝功能方面,肝功能天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与氨酰转移酶(GGT)在两种运动间的疗效差异不具有统计学意义;进一步亚组分析显示,有氧运动对AST在“年龄<52岁”、“BMI≥28”、“干预频次为3次/周”、“干预周期≤12周”亚组中改善效果比抗阻运动好;对ALT的改善在“BMI≥28”、“干预频次为3次/周”亚组中效果更佳。结论:有氧运动与抗阻运动相比,对NAFLD患者内脏脂肪、肝功能与脂代谢治疗效果均无差异,两种运动方式的干预效果相近;但不同亚组仍表现出差异,有氧运动组AST在低龄、高BMI、短干预周期和短干预频次组改善效果更佳,ALT在低龄、短干预周期组具有更好效果。提示患者应根据自身心肺功能、肌肉力量及自身运动情况等,选择适宜自己的运动进行,而当患者需要改善AST与ALT时,建议选择有氧运动干预方式。     

有氧运动对糖尿病SD大鼠血清视黄醇结合蛋白-4的影响

目的:探讨有氧运动对糖尿病SD大鼠血清视黄醇结合蛋白-4(RBP4)水平的相关性变化。方法:通过高脂饲料喂养结合链脲佐菌素法,建立SPF级SD大鼠糖尿病模型,将成功建模的45只大鼠,随机分为糖尿病轻度运动A1组(12只)、糖尿病中度运动A2组(11只)、糖尿病重度运动A3组(10只)、糖尿病安静对照组(B组)(12只),另设正常对照组(C组)(12只)。A1-3组SD大鼠分别在跑台上进行10、15、20 m/min的有氧运动,每天运动1 h、每周运动5天、持续运动8周,实验结束后检测各组SD大鼠血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、RBP4、空腹血糖浓度及肝脏RBP4表达水平的变化,并对各指标进行统计分析。结果:A2、A3组SD大鼠血清中RBP4水平与B组比较显著下降(P<0.05),与血清中TC、TG、LDL-C及血糖浓度呈正相关,与HDL-C浓度呈负相关;不同性别SD大鼠RBP4水平相差显著;通过持续8 w有氧运动,A1组大鼠肝脏RPB4表达与B组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),而A3组大鼠肝脏RPB4表达与B组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:中等以上的有氧运动能降低血清中RBP4水平,改善机体糖、脂代谢紊乱,缓解糖尿病病情发展。     

Exercise attenuates bone mineral density loss during diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundWeight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity; however, weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Weight-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with exercise. Our aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with exercise.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with overweight or obesity (aged ≥18 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m²) that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise, and measured any bone structural parameters. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences (95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) in the percentage of areal BMD (aBMD) change between groups.ResultsWe included 9 RCTs. Diet-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBMD (mean change: −1.73% (95%CI: −2.39% to −1.07%), p < 0.001) and total hip aBMD (−2.19% (95%CI: −3.84% to −0.54%), p = 0.009). Femoral neck aBMD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group (net difference: −0.88% (95%CI: −1.73% to −0.03%)); however, there were no differences in aBMD changes at any other skeletal site: total hip (−1.96% (95%CI: −4.59% to 0.68%)) and lumbar spine (−0.48% (95%CI: −1.81% to 0.86%)). aBMD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality (resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, or a combination of the two) during diet-induced weight loss.ConclusionDiet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus exercise. Bone loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight loss. The lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities of most exercise interventions. Additional RCTs with appropriate, targeted exercise interventions should be conducted.