广东省众创空间的发展政策及发展现状评价

首先对广东省2015—2019年出台的支持众创空间发展的主要相关政策文件进行梳理,发现其中以供给型政策为主并具有较强的可操作性,需求型政策未得到应有重视,环境型法规体系有待完善,且各项政策的落实效果有待测量。进而基于2016—2019年度相关统计数据,评价分析广东省众创空间整体发展状况,研究发现:广东省众创空间市场化运营程度高,但孵化效率低、盈利能力不足,区域发展两极分化严重;项目投融资难度大、服务覆盖面窄,难以形成良好的投融资生态;服务体系不完善,创业导师队伍缺口大;国际交流合作频率逐年提高,海外高层次人才创业项目入驻数量可观。最后基于研究结果提出从制度、产业和企业层面打"组合拳"引导珠三角地区创新资源向粤东西北地区流动,从四方面促进投资型众创空间建设,以及抓住粤港澳大湾区建设契机推动众创空间国际化发展等对策建议,以期为推动广东省众创空间向效率驱动发展提供参考借鉴。     

广东省众创空间发展政策文本量化研究——基于政策工具视角

以政策工具视角,通过分析近10年广东省省级层面、省直相关部门及各市出台支持众创空间发展的相关政策文件,通过定量研究分析,总结广东省支持众创空间的政策体系特点,分析广东省众创空间发展迅速的政策体系经验、存在问题,并提出下一步建议:(1)加强制定需求型政策工具;(2)部分供给型政策工具使用失衡,需要探索如何将政府财政资金投入在众创空间建设与创业创新者最需要的阶段;(3)重视环境型政策工具运用,更加注重和侧重于优化创新创业生态。     

众创空间运营绩效的提升:资源驱动还是服务驱动？

为弥补关于众创空间人财物整体资源投入与整体绩效之间关系研究的不足，引入国家备案作为调节变量，探讨资源投入、服务支持对众创空间运营绩效的影响。将资源投入细分为人力资源、财务资源和物质资源投入，运营绩效细分为孵化绩效、创新绩效和筹资绩效，以广州众创空间为例，基于2016—2019年火炬统计数据，结果表明：众创空间的人力资源和财务资源投入显著提升运营绩效，而物质资源投入则产生显著负面影响；服务支持不仅显著正向影响运营绩效，还能比资源投入更有效驱动运营绩效提升，开展国际合作交流活动是提升孵化绩效最为关键的因素，帮助入驻团队和企业享受财政政策则是促进创新绩效提升的关键活动，而开展投融资服务则是提升筹资绩效最为有效的活动；国家备案对资源投入与运营绩效关系的调节存在“双刃剑”效应，但对服务支持与运营绩效的关系起正向调节作用。最后从资源投入和服务以及响应政策号召等方面为提升众创空间运营绩效提出对策建议。     

资源投入、服务支持与众创空间运营绩效

结合资源依赖理论,探讨资源投入与众创空间运营绩效的关系,并考察服务支持的中介效应。基于2016-2019年广州市众创空间火炬统计数据的研究发现,众创空间人力资源和财务资源投入能显著提升运营绩效,但物质资源投入会产生显著负向影响,服务支持在人力资源和财务资源与运营绩效的关系中起中介作用。研究揭示了众创空间“资源投入—服务支持—运营绩效”关系的内在作用机理,结论对于众创空间的提质增效具有实践指导意义。     

高校众创空间创新孵化能力评价——基于模糊层次分析法的实证测度

从政策扶持、基础服务、创业服务、资源集聚、服务成效五方面入手,构建高校众创空间创新孵化能力评价指标体系,利用科技部2019年公布的长三角、珠三角、京津冀地区72家国家备案高校众创空间相关数据,运用模糊层次分析法进行实证测度.结果表明:长三角地区国家备案高校众创空间的创孵能力最强,其次为京津冀地区,最后为珠三角地区;各区域之间高校众创空间发展水平差异较大,且区域内各城市高校众创空间发展亦不均衡,其中北京高校众创空间的数量最多、创孵能力也最强.针对高校众创空间在投融资服务、技术创新服务、创业导师资源、外部资源链接、服务成效等方面存在的问题,提出加强对高校众创空间的政策扶持、调整创新创业人才结构、加强区域内外交流合作、结合地方产业需求提供服务等对策建议.     

区域众创空间绩效评价——基于因子分析角度

从投入、产出角度构建众创空间绩效评价指标体系,运用因子分析方法提取运营能力、企业发展能力、政府支持力度、盈利能力4个主因子,对我国29个区域众创空间绩效进行评价分析。研究结果表明:众创空间运营能力对众创空间绩效的影响最为显著,若其水平低于平均整体绩效水平,对于众创空间的发展会产生极大的制约;同时发现众创空间的发展与区域经济发展状况有一定的相关性,制约各区域众创空间发展的因素不同,因此应针对发展短板,采取因地制宜的发展政策。基于研究结果,提出4点建议,以期为促进我国各区域众创空间可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。     

基于FAHP的高校众创空间创孵能力评价体系及实证测度研究

高校众创空间是培养创新创业人才、提升区域社会经济发展的新引擎。提升高校众创空间服务质量、完善高校众创空间创孵能力评价体系意义重大。本文从政策扶持、基础服务、创业服务、资源集聚、服务成效等入手,利用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)完善评价指标体系,并以高校众创空间数量较多、发展较好的京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区为样本来源,选取代表性高校进行实证分析,得出各区域之间高校众创空间发展水平差异较大、且区域内各城市高校众创空间发展亦不均衡的结论。针对分析结果,提出加强对高校众创空间的政策扶持、调整创新创业人才结构、加强区域交流合作、结合地方产业需求提供服务等对策建议。     

众创空间发展水平评价研究——基于能力成熟度模型

为规范众创空间管理市场,同时为众创空间的运营提升提供有序的改善路径,基于能力成熟度概念,划分众创空间发展水平等级为初期创意阶段、体系初建阶段、战略发展阶段、升级发展阶段、最佳成熟阶段。基于2018年辽宁省213家国家级/省级众创空间年度统计数据,从基础能力、服务能力、集聚能力、孵化绩效四个方面构建众创空间发展水平成熟度评价指标体系。以辽宁省东创空间为例进行实证分析,研究结果表明处于战略发展阶段且基本情况和服务能力良好,集聚能力和孵化绩效较弱。进一步通过实地调研检验计算结果,提出发展建议。     

众创空间投入与区域科技创新发展关系实证研究

以众创空间投入及其所在区域科技创新发展状况为对象,以科技进步贡献率为衡量科技创新能力指标,基于线性回归方法和向量自回归模型分析西安市众创空间投入的创新效果及其与西安市科技进步贡献率之间的关系。研究结果表明:加大众创空间投入可以更好地提升众创空间孵化效率,产生良好的创新效果,且该创新效果与科技创新发展之间存在长期正相关关系;科技进步对众创空间创新效果指标的预测方差贡献较大,众创空间对科技发展的预测方差贡献较小。建议采用合理的融资模式与政策组合鼓励建设众创空间,并使用科学合理的运营模式提升众创空间盈利能力,以期获得众创空间良好的创新效益及社会效益。     

众创空间科技创新项目管理模式研究

采用案例分析的方法,选取北大创业孵化营、西安交大七楼创客汇、SOHO3Q、猪八戒、36氪、创新工场六个众创空间进行分析,得出不同类型众创空间所侧重服务环节有所差异的结论。提出众创空间在管理过程中需明确产业发展定位,需注重不同类型间合作关系的建立来实现各自的功能强化及统一政企标准,需以项目输送为核心加强"共享"链接及"投融资对接"粘合的意见。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence