跆拳道横踢技术中躯干运动的生物力学分析

在跆拳道比赛中横踢技术最为常见,也是最主要的得分手段。跆拳道横踢技术的动作特点是快速有力且较易使用。而躯干的运动在跆拳道的横踢中主要是转动,这种转动对横踢动作起到协调和配合作用,有利提高横踢的打击效果。应用不需人工识别关节点的红外光点高速测试方法获取横踢动作中躯干运动的运动学数据,通过运动学的分析揭示跆拳道横踢动作中躯干的空间运动规律和特征,并通过分析这些运动学特征,探讨躯干的运动对跆拳道横踢动作质量的影响。以期对跆拳道教练员和运动员的教学与训练有所帮助。     

跆拳道横踢技术中上肢运动的生物力学分析

在跆拳道比赛中横踢技术最为常见，也是最主要的得分手段。跆拳道横踢技术的动作特点是快速有力且较易使用。而上肢的运动在跆拳道的横踢中主要是摆动，这种摆动除了起平衡作用外，再就是有利于躯干的扭转。研究中应用不需人工识别关节点的红外光点高速测试方法获取横踢动作中上肢运动的运动学数据，通过运动学的分析揭示跆拳道横踢动作中上肢的空间运动规律和特征，并通过分析这些运动学特征，探讨上肢的运动对跆拳道横踢动作质量的影响。以期对跆拳道教练员和运动员的教学与训练有所帮助。     

基于多视角分析的跆拳道横踢技术研究

通过对跆拳道运动发展的现状具体分析,从这种运动的动作特性出发,从生物力学、安全性、运动学等角度对横踢技术进行深入研究,对揭示其内在规律,探究适合国人的跆拳道运动方针政策,具有重要的意义;在跆拳道教学实践当中,为跆拳道横踢技术的训练方式、教学指导方法的确定,提供相应的理论依据.     

有手、束手两种情况下跆拳道后腿横踢技术的生物力学分析

本文以运动生物力学为主要研究手段,利用影像技术对有手和束手两种情况下跆拳道后腿横踢技术进行了生物力学分析。研究认为：上肢对跆拳道整个横踢技术动作的运用有着很大程度的影响。有手和束手两种情况相比,束手横踢由于没有上肢的协调配合,技术的动作时间延长了;击打阶段横踢的速度、力量等也都相应有所减慢。文章最后指出,我国跆拳道运动员今后应注意上肢及躯干爆发力的训练,从而带动下肢的运动。使下肢获得更大的动作速度和更好的击打效果。     

跆拳道后横踢技术动作的运用特征分析

<正>后横踢是跆拳道的重点腿法技术动作之一,在实战中经常被跆拳道运动员所使用。本文针对这一动作,对其运用特征进行分析。从时间、关节角度、重心移动、上肢动作和躯干动作五个方面,论述了后横踢这一技术动作的时间分配特征、关节角度变化特征、重心移动特征、上肢特征以及躯干特征,为跆拳道后横踢技术动作的训练提供参考。     

跆拳道攻击武器：前横踢和旋风踢

前横踢。前横踢是跆拳道比赛中较为常用的动作之一，也是运动员得分的主要技术。     

跆拳道横踢动作下肢肌群工作特点分析

从生物力学角度出发 ,结合跆拳道横踢技术动作的结构特点进行了剖析 ,研究了参与下肢动作的主要肌群及工作特点 ,旨在为跆拳道教练员科学地、有针对性地训练提供依据     

青少年跆拳道横踢技术在比赛中的应用

自跆拳道运动从国外引进至我国以来,得到了很好地发展,很多学校开设了跆拳道课程,吸引了广大青少年参与其中。跆拳道是一项实战性强的竞技项目,腿法技术在此项运动中占据重要地位,而腿法技术中的横踢技术最为常用。因此,在训练中,横踢成为所有训练内容的重中之重。文章就横踢技术的相关内容进行系统分析,尝试探究青少年学生如何有效开展训练与比赛的相关事宜。     

身体运动功能训练提高跆拳道横踢技术的初步探讨

文章综述了身体运动功能训练对男子跆拳道运动员横踢技术的影响。经过系统的运动功能训练,运动员的功能动作筛查评分明显改善,存在的肌力不平衡和关节运动受限等问题予以解决,身体各关节的灵活性和稳定性重新塑造。文章将为跆拳道运动员的体能训练提供依据,在制定跆拳道体能训练计划时,应最先参考身体运动功能筛查(FMS)所检测出的身体弱链、肌力不平衡和关节运动受限等问题,制定相关的矫正训练计划。在恢复运动员各关节正常的灵活性、稳定性后,接着进行动作模式力量训练。最后将运动能力训练与技术、战术结合发展。     

第30届奥运会女子跆拳道比赛统计分析

采用数理统计等方法对伦敦奥运会女子跆拳道赛事的76场比赛录像进行统计分析。研究表明:世界优秀跆拳道运动员在比赛中主要采用4种技术动作,其中横踢仍然是核心技术和比赛得分的主要手段,其使用率占80%;运动员在能力均衡的情况下,正确的分配体能、合理运用技术就显得至关重要;跆拳道运动员防守意识有待提高。分析结果有利于了解国际赛事中跆拳道运动技战术发展趋势,使我国跆拳道有效性的训练更具有针对性。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。