太极运动对健康老年人群运动功能影响的META分析

目的：系统评价太极运动对健康老年人运动表现、平衡、肌力等运动功能的影响。方法：检索国内外医学数据库文献,收集相关的随机对照实验(RCTs),按照改良Jadad方法评价纳入研究的质量,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入20篇临床实验,共4 455例老年人。结果：太极运动组在起立行走测试(TUG)(MD=2.62,95%CI[-4.00,1.24],P＜0.000 01)、5次“坐-站”试验(5tSS)(MD=-1.74,95%CI[-2.77,-0.70],P=0.001)、30 s坐站测试(30 sCST)(MD=4.02,95%CI[-0.20,8.24],P=0.06)、Berg平衡量表评分(BBS)(MD=1.41,95%CI[-0.06,2.87],P=0.06)、功能性前伸试验(FRT)(MD=2.16,95%CI[0.94,3.38],P=0.000 5)、闭眼单腿站立时间(MD=3.18,95%CI[0.70,5.67],P=0.01)、睁眼单腿站立时间(MD=10.08,95%CI[4.62,-15.55],P=0.000 3)等指标结果均优于对照组;太级干预组相比对照组在提高手握力(SMD=0.46,95%CI[0.00,0.93],P=0.05)、提升髋关节屈曲肌力(SMD=0.58,95%CI[0.25,0.92],P=0.000 7)、增强膝关节伸展肌力(SMD=0.55,95%CI[0.25,0.85],P=0.000 3)、提升踝关节背屈肌力(SMD=0.64,95%CI[0.16,1.13],P=0.009)等指标上可能具有优势效应。结论：现阶段的临床证据表明,太极运动能有效提高健康老年人的运功表现、平衡能力和肌力等相关运动功能。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

短期运动锻炼对毒品成瘾者心理健康干预效果的Meta分析

目的:系统评价短期(3个月内)运动锻炼对毒品成瘾者心理健康的干预效果。方法:检索PubMed、EBSCO、Science Direct、Web of Science、Physiotherapy Evidence Database和Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方和维普数据库等数据库中关于运动治疗毒品成瘾者心理健康的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限从数据库建库至2019年2月。根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并且评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用RevMan 5.3和Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入15项随机对照试验,共1235例患者。Meta分析结果显示:短期运动干预在治疗毒品成瘾者心理状况的躯体化[MD=-0.50,95%CI(-0.89,-0.11),P=0.01],强迫[MD=-0.40,95%CI(-0.69,-0.10),P=0.008],人际[MD=-0.30,95%CI(-0.49,-0.12),P=0.001],抑郁[MD=-0.42,95%CI(-0.70,-0.15),P=0.003],焦虑[MD=-0.41,95%CI(-0.67,-0.16),P=0.001],敌对[MD=-0.25,95%CI(-0.42,-0.09),P=0.002],恐惧[MD=-0.30,95%CI(-0.45,-0.15),P<0.00001],偏执[MD=-0.24,95%CI(-0.40,-0.08),P=0.004],精神病[MD=-0.26,95%CI(-0.44,-0.07),P=0.006]几方面效果均优于对照组实验,其差异具有统计学意义。结论:在毒品成瘾者心理康复期,短期运动锻炼相比常规康复措施能更好地改善毒品成瘾者心理健康症状,丰富毒品成瘾者的戒毒手段,提高毒品成瘾者康复质量。     

软梯训练对灵敏素质效果影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价软梯训练对灵敏素质的应用效果。方法:检索时间截止为2021年8月24日,在IEEE、Proquest、PubMed、Scoups、Web of science、Google Scholar、WanFang Data和CNKI等数据库进行检索。经纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取相关数据后,采用Review Manager5.0和Stata SE12.0软件对纳入研究的文献进行Meta分析。结果:软梯训练对灵敏素质的T型跑[MD=-0.63,95%CI(-0.73,-0.52),P<0.00001<0.05]和Illinois测试[MD=-0.62,95%CI(-1.22,-0.61),P<0.00001<0.05]有明显的效果,且实验组优于对照组。因往返跑测试存在高度异质性[I²=86%,MD=-0.51,95%CI(-0.63,-0.39)],对此采用随机效应模型对受试者的年龄、干预周期、干预频率进行亚组分析,结果显示:年龄亚组分析中,年龄≤14岁(I²=89%,P<0.00001<0.05)和年龄>14岁(I²=78%,P<0.00001<0.05)都具有高度异质性且具有显著性差异;干预周期的亚组分析中,干预周期≤8周(I²=76%,P=0.04<0.05)和干预周期≥8周(I²=90%,P<0.00001<0.05)都具有高度异质性且具有显著性差异,8周<干预周期<12周(I²=69%,P<0.00001<0.05)具有轻度异质性且具有显著性差异;干预频率的亚组分析中,干预频率≤2次(I²=64%,P=0.46>0.05)有中度异质性但无显著性差异,干预频率=3次(I²=80%,P<0.00001<0.05)有高度异质性且具有显著性差异,干预频率≥4次(I²=35%,P<0.00001<0.05)有轻度异质性且具有显著性差异。结论:软梯训练可以提高灵敏素质水平,由于灵敏素质包含的指标偏多,本文只选取T型跑测试、Illinois、往返跑作为结局指标,对于往返跑测试是否还存在其他异质性来源,还需进一步研究证明。     

舞蹈运动对老年轻中度PD患者影响的Meta分析

目的评价广场舞、tango等舞蹈运动对轻中度帕金森(parkinson disease,PD)患者影响,从平衡功能、运动能力、步行能力、认知功能、生存质量5个方面来对帕金森患者的干预情况进行综合评定。方法根据预先制定的文献检索、筛选与录入方法对文献进行筛选,建立纳入排除标准,从中国知网(CNKI)、万方、Web of science、Pub Med、Embase等数据库以关键词的方式检索舞蹈运动对帕金森患者不同指标的研究文献,运用Revman 5.3软件对最终纳入文献进行统计学分析。结果纳入文献包括广场舞1篇、探戈5篇、爱尔兰舞1篇、其他自编舞蹈3篇,共计10篇包括328名受试者。Meta分析显示,舞蹈运动可有效提高患者运动能力[MD=-5.63,95%CI(-9.70,-1.55),p=0.007]、平衡能力[(Berg平衡量表)MD=4.77,95%CI(3.56,5.99),p<0.000 01;(TUG起走-计时测试)MD=-1.89,95%CI(-3.22,-0.56),p=0.005]、6MWT步行能力[MD=46.48,95%CI (18.39,74.56),p=0.001]、生存质量[MD=-8.33,95%CI (-9.25,-7.14),p<0.000 01]以及认知功能[MD=1.75,95%CI(0.80,2.70),p=0.000 3]。结论广场舞、tango等舞蹈运动可有效提高轻中度帕金森患者的平衡功能、运动能力以及步行能力、并对患者的生存质量以及认知功能也起到很好的改善作用。     

快速伸缩复合训练对篮球运动员下肢爆发力影响的Meta分析

研究目的：运用Meta分析研究方法检验快速伸缩复合训练(PT)对篮球运动员下肢运动能力的干预效果,包括运动员下肢爆发、移动速度和灵敏素质。研究方法：采用STATA 15和Review Manager 5.4对纳入的12篇文献234名受试者(男性143名、女性91名)通过对反向动作跳跃测试(CMJ)、立定跳远测试、T敏捷测试、10米冲刺测试、20米冲刺测试五项指标进行Meta分析,采用固定效应模型进行异质性检验和发表偏移性检验。结果：Meta分析结果表明,快速伸缩复合训练可以明显提高CMJ的高度(MD=2.42,95%CI=1.54～3.29,P<0.05);T形敏捷测试速度影响显著(MD=-0.47,95%CI=-0.74～-0.2,P<0.05);10米冲刺速度影响显著(MD=-0.09,95%CI=-0.17～-0.01,P<0.05)和20米冲刺速度影响显著(MD=-0.07,95%CI=-0.12～-0.02,P<0.05);但立定跳远影响不显著(MD=7.42,95%CI=-7.22～22.06,P>0.05)。通过敏感性分析反向动作跳跃指标有一...     

不同运动对原发性高血压患者血压及血脂影响的Meta分析

目的 通过网状Meta分析法系统评估和比较有氧运动、抗阻运动、间歇运动、有氧联合抗阻运动和身心运动对改善原发性高血压（EHT）患者血压和血脂水平的疗效,为EHT患者改善血压和血脂水平提供循证依据。方法 系统检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science、EBSCO和CBM数据库中关于运动改善EHT患者血压和血脂的随机对照试验。采用STATA16.0和Rev Man 5.3软件对纳入研究的数据进行Meta分析。结果共有45项涉及3 560名患者的随机对照试验被纳入网状Meta分析。结果显示有氧联合抗阻运动对降低收缩压的效果最优（MD=-13.58,95%CI[-17.72,-9.44],p<0.05）;身心运动对降低舒张压（MD=-8.61,95%CI[-10.52,-6.70],p<0.05）、甘油三酯（SMD=-0.98,95%CI[-1.73,-0.23],p<0.05）和低密度脂蛋白（SMD=-1.07,95%CI[-1.57,-0.56],p<0.05）的效果最优;有氧运动对降低总胆固醇（SMD=-0.52,95%CI[-...     

有氧运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病心率变异性影响的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法定量评价有氧运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者心率变异性的影响。方法以运动干预前后患者心率变异的时域指标MSSD标准化均值差(SMD),频域指标HF、LF、LF/HF标准化均值差(SMD)为统计量,检索1975至2019年的相关文献,制定文献筛选标准,对纳入的文献进行异质性检验、回归分析、亚组分析和数据合并。结果共涉及9项研究纳入Meta分析,共包含101例患者,进行数据合并后显示,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者(有自主神经病变)MSSD,SMD=1.40(95%CI=0.70,2.09),Z=3.95,p<0.05。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者(无自主神经病变)MSSD,SMD=0.19(95%CI=-0.28,0.65),Z=0.80,p>0.05。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者HF值SMD=0.65(95%CI=0.03,1.28),Z=2.04,p=0.04<0.05。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者LF值SMD=0.70(95%CI=0.02,1.37),Z=2.02,p=0.04<0.05。Ⅱ型糖尿病患者LF/HF值SMD=-0.05(95%CI=-0.38,0.28),Z=0.28,p>0.05。结论长期中等强度的有氧运动可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病患者心迷走神经的活动,而对心交感神经的活动并无改善作用。     

运动干预对糖尿病前期人群糖脂代谢影响的网状Meta分析

目的：评价不同运动干预对糖尿病前期人群糖脂代谢的影响效果。方法：检索Web of Science、PubMed、EMBASE、CNKI及万方数据库,筛选符合纳入标准的随机对照试验,运用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价,Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果：共纳入31篇文献,2 026例糖尿病前期患者。高强度间歇运动对空腹血糖(SMD=-2.48;95%CI:-3.14,-1.82)、餐后2 h血糖(SMD=-1.51;95%CI:-2.18,-0.85)、总胆固醇(SMD=-0.93;95%CI:-1.27,-0.59)、高密度脂蛋白(SMD=1.19;95%CI:0.89,1.49)及低密度脂蛋白(SMD=-0.76;95%CI:-1.16,-0.35)的改善效果显著。有氧结合抗阻运动对甘油三酯(SMD=-1.03;95%CI:-1.52,-0.54)的改善效果显著。结论：运动锻炼可明显改善糖尿病前期人群的糖脂代谢水平,其中高强度间歇运动及有氧结合抗阻运动的干预效果整体较好,但受个别干预措施研究数量及样本量的限制,明确的结论仍需更多高质量的研究予以验证。     

有氧运动干预对超重肥胖大学生减脂效果的Meta分析

目的：系统评价有氧运动对超重肥胖大学生身体成分、体重的干预效果。方法：通过计算机检索数据库中有关有氧运动对改善超重肥胖大学生身体成分、体重的随机对照实验,根据纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,对纳入随机对照实验的12篇文献进行方法学质量评价,通过RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析、亚组分析、敏感性分析及发表偏移检验。结果：Meta分析结果显示,有氧运动能有效减轻超重肥胖大学生的体重（MD=-6.54,95%CL=-9.44～-3.65,P<0.00001）、改善体脂率（MD=-3.15,95%CL=-5.30～-1.01,P=0.004）、身体质量指数（BMI）(MD=-1.51,95%CL=-2.35～-0.67,P=0.0004)、全身脂肪含量（MD=-4.56,95%CL=-8.52～-0.60,P=0.02）、瘦体重（MD=-3.48,95%CL=-5.90～-1.06,P=0.005）、腰臀比（MD=-0.05,95%CL=-0.07～-0.03,P<0.00001）。结论：有氧运动能有效减轻超重和肥胖大学生的体重,改善其身体成分。     

运动干预及营养联合对老年肌少症患者影响的Meta分析

目的:运用Meta分析法综合相关文献,从定量评价角度评估运动干预及营养联合对老年肌少症患者肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体功能结果的影响。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普(VIP)数据库、Web of Science、Pubmed、EBSCO等数据库,严格按照纳入与排除标准选取文献,提取数据,进行质量评价,在Review Manager5.3软件上进行统计分析,效应量以加权化均差(SMD)的形式表示。结果:纳入文献共计14篇,其中实验组为运动干预的研究10项,样本量551;实验组为营养联合运动干预的研究9项,样本量542。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,运动干预有效改善老年肌少症患者肌肉力量(腿部力量)[SMD=0.5395%CL=(0.35,0.70),P<0.00001]、身体表现功能(步速)[SMD=0.38,95%CL=(0.04,0.77),P=0.03]。结论:运动干预可以有效改善肌少症患者肌肉力量和身体表现功能,但对于结果不具有显著性的结果指标也并不一定没有作用。在这个领域需要进行高质量的研究来探索治疗肌少症的有效干预方法。     

不同方式运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生存质量影响的Meta分析

目的:评价有氧运动、抗阻运动、瑜伽、传统健身功法4种不同运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的影响,从肺功能、6 min步行实验(6 minutes walk test,6MWT)、生存质量3方面,分析比较不同运动方式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生存质量的改善效果,有针对性的在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的预防和管理方面提供合理建议和科学依据。方法:建立纳入和排除标准,通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等文献数据库,收集运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病干预的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),运用Revman5.3软件和Stata16.0软件对所纳入文献的结局指标进行分析。结果:共纳入23篇文献,包括1440例受试者,其中实验组719人,对照组721人。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,运动锻炼能够提高COPD患者第1 s用力呼吸容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)(SMD=0.51,95%CI:0.19,0.83,P=0.002)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)(SMD=0.78,95%CI:0.08,1.47,P=0.03)、第1 s用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值FEV1/FVC(SMD=0.51,95%CI:0.18,1.10,P=0.007)和第1 s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比FEV1/%(SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.10,0.60,P=0.006),延长了6 min步行距离6MWT(SMD=0.49,95%CI:0.33,0.65,P≤0.0001),降低患者呼吸困难指数,提高了生存质量(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.87,-0.31,P≤0.0001)。传统健身功法和有氧运动对COPD患者肺功能、6MWT及生存质量的改善效果更好,抗阻运动和瑜伽虽然在6 min步行距离的加长和生存质量的提高方面效果显著,但在与慢性阻塞性肺疾病最密切相关的肺功能方面的改善效果并不明显。结论:有氧运动、抗阻运动、瑜伽和传统健身功法都对慢性阻塞性肺疾病有一定的预防和改善效果,对肺功能、6MWT及生存质量有明显的改善作用,且传统健身功法和有氧运动的改善效果更全面。     

运动干预对成人代谢综合征患者心血管危险因素影响的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析,评价运动对成人代谢综合征患者心血管危险因素的影响效果。方法:检索PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、中国生物医学等数据库,严格按照纳入与排除标准选取文献,提取数据,进行质量评价,在Review Manager5.3软件上进行统计分析。结果:纳入文献共计10篇,包含15个RCT,合计476名患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,有氧运动能够显著改善代谢综合征患者的腰围MD=-2.07(-3.24,-0.90)(P=0.005)、空腹血糖MD=-0.14(-0.26,-0.03)(P=0.02)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇MD=2.03(0.12,3.94)(P=0.04)、甘油三酯MD=-17.60(-34.76,-0.44)(P=0.04)、总胆固醇MD=-9.38(-16.25,-2.51)(P=0.007)、收缩压MD=-7.18(-10.81,-3.55)(P=0.0001)、舒张压MD=-2.93(-4.48,-1.37)(P=0.0002)以及峰值耗氧量MD=2.44(0.91,3.98)(P=0.0002);而抗阻训练或抗阻结合低强度有氧运动仅对代谢综合征患者的收缩压MD=-8.81(-14.98,-2.63)(P=0.005)、体脂量MD=-3.06(-4.70,-1.42)(P=0.0002)有显著影响。有氧运动和抗阻训练或抗阻训练结合低强度有氧运动均未对体重及身体质量指数有显著作用。结论:有氧运动是成人代谢综合征患者改善其心血管危险因素的最佳运动模式,对腰围、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压以及峰值耗氧量的改善均有显著优势,能有效降低心血管疾病的发病风险;而抗阻训练或抗阻训练结合低强度有氧运动只降低了收缩压和体脂量。     

Exercise and inflammation in coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

ABSTRACT

Current evidence suggests that chronic inflammation contributes to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Interestingly, exercise may constitute a method of reducing inflammation in this patient population. As such, this systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence generated by randomised studies that investigated the effect of exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in CAD. Literature was sought from various sources. Outcomes were pooled in a random-effects model to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty-five studies were reviewed; post-intervention C-reactive protein (SMD: ?0.55 (95% CI: ?0.93, ?0.16), P = 0.005), fibrinogen (SMD: ?0.52 (95% CI: ?0.74, ?0.29, P = <0.00001)), and von Willebrand factor (SMD: ?1.57 (95% CI: ?2.23, ?0.92), P = <0.00001) values were significantly lower in exercise groups compared to controls. In addition, qualitative analyses identified evidence that supports a beneficial effect of exercise on these acute-phase reactants. However, the impact of exercise on anti–inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines is equivocal, which may be attributed to a paucity of research. Nevertheless, the findings of this review suggest that exercise induces an anti–inflammatory effect in CAD patients. Although, the quality of evidence needs to be improved by further randomised studies with high methodological qualities and large sample sizes.     

Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.     

Effects of exercise by type and duration on quality of life in patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

BackgroundThere is scant evidence regarding the effects of exercise type and duration on quality of life (QoL) in digestive system cancer (DSC) survivors. We aim to investigate the optimal type and duration of exercise to improve QoL for DSC survivors through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed. Eligibility for study inclusion was limited to studies that were randomized controlled trials involving all kinds of exercise in adult patients with DSCs, and the comparator was in standard care or other types of exercise. The primary outcome was QoL, including general health, physical health, mental health, and role function. Secondary outcomes included cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and duration of hospital stay. The network meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model.ResultsThe analysis included 32 eligible articles and a total of 2558 participants. Our primary outcome indicated that short-term aerobic exercise significantly enhanced general health (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.66, 95% credible intervals (CrIs): 0.05 to 1.30), and also contributed to a better mental health (SMD = 0.38, 95%CrI: –0.05 to 0.81) and role function (SMD = 0.48, 95%CrI: –0.27 to 1.20). Although without significant changes, short-term resistance exercise tended to increase the physical health of patients with DSCs (SMD = 0.69, 95%CrI: –0.07 to 1.50) and effective in alleviating fatigue (SMD = –0.77, 95%CrI: –1.50 to 0.01). Short-term aerobic exercise was related to a lower score of insomnia (SMD = –1.20, 95%CrI: –2.40 to 0.06), depression (SMD = –0.51, 95%CrI: –1.50 to 0.45), and anxiety (SMD = –0.45, 95%CrI: –1.30 to 0.34). All types of exercise related to a trend of declined hospital stays (–0.87 to –5.00 day). Long-term resistance exercise, however, was negatively associated with general health (SMD = –0.33, 95%CrI: –1.70 to 1.00), physical health (SMD = –0.18, 95%CrI: –1.30 to 0.90), and role function (SMD = –1.20, 95%CrI: –2.50 to 0.11).ConclusionThis study suggests that short-term aerobic exercise, with or without resistance exercise programs, enhances QoL (especially for general health) as well as relieves cancer-related symptoms for DSC survivors, while long-term resistance exercise may have negative effects, and thus should be adopted cautiously. These results provide important evidence for the management of DSCs.     

Does exercise have a protective effect on cognitive function under hypoxia? A systematic review with meta-analysis

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and (2) the effects of exercise on cognition while under hypoxia.MethodsDesign: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled studies that investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise on cognition under hypoxia were considered (Aim 2), as were studies investigating the effects of hypoxia on cognition (Aim 1).ResultsIn total, 18 studies met our inclusionary criteria for the systematic review, and 12 studies were meta-analyzed. Exposure to hypoxia impaired attentional ability (standardized mean difference (SMD) = –0.4), executive function (SMD = –0.18), and memory function (SMD = –0.26), but not information processing (SMD = 0.27). Aggregated results indicated that performing exercise under a hypoxia setting had a significant effect on cognitive improvement (SMD = 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.14 – 0.45, I² = 54%, p < 0.001). Various characteristics (e.g., age, cognitive task type, exercise type, exercise intensity, training type, and hypoxia level) moderated the effects of hypoxia and exercise on cognitive function.ConclusionExercise during exposure to hypoxia improves cognitive function. This association appears to be moderated by individual and exercise/hypoxia-related characteristics.     

Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old. Several lifestyle factors may increase, or reduce, an individual's risk of developing AD. Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity. Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity. The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago. In this review, we discuss the role of exercise (aerobic and resistance) training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies. We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis and release of neurotrophins, and improvements in cerebral blood flow. Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide. Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations.     

Replacement of leisure-time sedentary behavior with various physical activities and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundWhether or not there is targeted pharmacotherapy for dementia, an active and healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity (PA) may be a better option than medication for preventing dementia. We examined the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. We further quantified the effect on dementia risk of replacing sedentary time with an equal amount of time spent on different physical activities.MethodsIn the UK Biobank, 484,169 participants (mean age = 56.5 years; 45.2% men) free of dementia were followed from baseline (2006–2010) through July 30, 2021. A standard questionnaire measured individual leisure-time SB (watching TV, computer use, and driving) and PA (walking for pleasure, light and heavy do-it-yourself activity, strenuous sports, and other exercise) frequency and duration in the 4 weeks prior to evaluation. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype data were available for a subset of 397,519 (82.1%) individuals. A Cox proportional hazard model and an isotemporal substitution model were used in this study.ResultsDuring a median 12.4 years of follow-up, 6904 all-cause dementia cases and 2115 deaths from dementia were recorded. In comparison to participants with leisure-time SB <5 h/day, the hazard ratio ((HR), 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) of dementia incidence was 1.07 (1.02–1.13) for 5–8 h/day and 1.25 (1.13–1.38) for >8 h/day, and the HR of dementia mortality was 1.35 (1.12–1.61) for >8 h/day. A 1 standard deviation increment of sedentary time (2.33 h/day) was strongly associated with a higher incidence of dementia and mortality (HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.03–1.08 and HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.03–1.12, respectively). The association between sedentary time and the risk of developing dementia was more profound in subjects <60 years than in those ≥60 years (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.00–1.58 vs. HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08–1.35 in >8 h/day, p for interaction = 0.013). Replacing 30 min/day of leisure sedentary time with an equal time spent in total PA was associated with a 6% decreased risk and 9% decreased mortality from dementia, with exercise (e.g., swimming, cycling, aerobics, bowling) showing the strongest benefit (HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.78–0.86 and HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.72–0.86). Compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, APOE ε4 carriers are more likely to see a decrease in Alzheimer's disease incidence and mortality when PA is substituted for SB.ConclusionLeisure-time SB was positively associated with the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. Replacing sedentary time with equal time spent doing PA may be associated with a significant reduction in dementia incidence and mortality risk.     

激活后增强效应的间歇时间对下蹲跳高度影响的Meta分析

目的：探究激活后增强效应（PAP）间歇时间对下蹲跳高度影响。方法：检索PubMed等数据库,查找相关随机对照试验,检索时间从建库至2017年11月30日。按纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取数据和评价纳入文献研究方法质量后,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入15篇文献286名受试者。Meta分析结果显示：间歇时间为0~3 min[MD=-1.46,95% CI（-2.15,-0.78）,P<0.000 1],实验组优于对照组;间歇时间为4~7 min[MD=1.90,95% CI（0.81,2.99）,P=0.000 6]和8~12 min[MD=1.46,95% CI（0.78,2.15）,P<0.000 1],对照组优于实验组;间歇时间为13 min以上[MD=-0.45,95% CI（-2.26,1.36）,P=0.62],对照组与实验组间的差异无统计学意义。敏感性分析提示：改变研究质量差异、纳入标准、统计模型以及效应量的选择等,发现合并结果改变不明显,且受异质性影响的可能较小。结论：诱导方式为杠铃深蹲,诱导强度在85%~93% 1RM之间,重复次数为5~10次,可诱导产生PAP。间歇时间为0~3 min,可以明显提高受试者下蹲跳高度,间歇时间为4~7 min和8~12 min时下蹲跳高度未能显著增加,间歇时间为13min以上时,仍需更多高质量随机对照试验进一步研究证实。在制定诱导PAP方案时,还需考虑诱导对象的年龄与性别、训练经历和力量水平对PAP的影响。