基于语义覆盖度融合的I/O映射聚类算法

需要对语义主题树特征进行聚类算法设计,提高对语义特征的搜索和语义泛化能力。传统的语义特征聚类算法采用基于本体映射的语义特征聚类算法,建立异构的本体模型之间的语义等价映射关系,导致聚类性能和语义泛化能力不好。提出一种基于语义覆盖度融合的I/O映射聚类算法,利用领域知识和模式匹配,建立本体之间语义映射关系,考虑三种与语义信息相关的学习知识,得到语义相似度函数,利用统计TF-IDF的方法计算词语的特征权值,通过语义主题树特征匹配,实现搜索引擎的覆盖度I/O映射聚类改进。仿真实验表明,采用该算法能提高对语义的覆盖度融合能力,具有更好的数据聚类性能,较好地完成语义映射任务,语义信息检索查准率提高为98.7%。     

协方差特征爬虫网页语义概念树构建方法

提出一种基于协方差特征爬虫的网页语义概念树构建方法,引入语义概念决策树算法进行主特征建模,根据语义三叉特征决策树概率正则训练迁移法则,得到决策树网络节点最近时刻获得的数据集有效特征概率,采用协方差特征网页爬虫进行网页语义概念树构建算法的改进。通过协方差特征爬虫,进行自相关成分的独立快速分离,得到语义自相关检索编码,实现网页语义概念树构建指导信息检索。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效进行数据挖掘和网页语义概念树的构建,为信息定位提供了最优分叉路径,从而实现对主题热点信息的准确检索和定位,算法具有较好的网页召回和定位检索性能,数据召回率提高明显,展示了较好的应用价值。     

基于PLSA模型的Web页面语义标注算法研究

高效的Web页面语义标注方法是提高Web信息资源利用效率和知识创新的关键。针对当前Web页面语义标注方法存在的问题和Web页面表现出的结构特征和文本特征及其主题分布规律,设计了基于PLSA主题模型的Web页面语义标注算法。该算法分别对Web页面的结构特征和文本特征构建独立的PLSA主题模型,采用自适应不对称学习算法对这些独立的PLSA主题模型进行集成和优化,最终形成新的综合性的PLSA主题模型进行未知Web页面的自动语义标注。实验结果表明,该算法能够显著提高Web页面语义标注的准确率和效率,可以有效地解决大规模Web页面语义标注问题。     

基于叠加编码的Web网页抓取路径损耗估计

对Web网页抓取是实现Web文本特征数据检索的最佳方式,Web网页抓取路径损耗误差的优化估计可以提高对Web数据的挖掘性能。传统方法中,对Web网页抓取采用基于线性滤波检测的单模匹配抓取方法,受弱信号幅度和临界阈值约束,路径损耗较大,且无法有效实现路径损耗误差有效估计。提出一种基于叠加编码特征统计的Web网页抓取路径损耗误差估计算法。构建Web网页文本特征抓取的目标函数,进行Web网络路径损耗模型构建,设计叠加编码算法进行特征统计,得到Web网页抓取路径概念格。仿真实验表明,该算法能有效提高Web网页抓取路径损耗误差估计精度,进而提高了Web网页文本数据抓取的查准率和文本特征数据的挖掘性能。     

基于语义匹配的采购联盟伙伴搜索方法

采购联盟合作伙伴的选择是采购联盟成功的一个关键,而伙伴搜索是伙伴选择重要的第一步。本文将电子商务中采购联盟伙伴搜索问题转换为采购需求文本的语义匹配问题,介绍了一种基于领域本体和语义相似度的采购联盟伙伴搜索模型。该模型通过对采购需求文本概念向量的上位填充和语义相似度计算来量化采购需求的语义匹配程度。     

基于概念语义场的文本聚类算法研究

传统的基于关键词的文本聚类算法,由于难以充分利用文本的语义特征,聚类效果差强人意。笔者提出一种概念语义场的概念,并给出了基于知网构建概念语义场的算法。即首先利用知网构造义原屏蔽层,将描述能力弱的义原屏蔽,然后在分析知网结构的基础上给出抽取相关概念的规则,以及简单概念语义场和复杂概念语义场的构造方法。最后给出一种基于概念语义场的文本聚类算法。该算法可充分利用特征词的语义关系,对不规则形状的聚类也有较好效果。实验表明,该算法可以有效提高聚类的质量。     

LDA模型在专利文本分类中的应用

对传统专利文本自动分类方法中,使用向量空间模型文本表示方法存在的问题,提出一种基于LDA模型专利文本分类方法。该方法利用LDA主题模型对专利文本语料库建模,提取专利文本的文档-主题和主题-特征词矩阵,达到降维目的和提取文档间的语义联系,引入类的类-主题矩阵,为类进行主题语义拓展,使用主题相似度构造层次分类,小类采用KNN分类方法。实验结果：与基于向量空间文本表示模型的KNN专利文本分类方法对比,此方法能够获得更高的分类评估指数。     

基于语义扩展的数字文献自动分类方法研究

针对图书、期刊论文等数字文献文本特征较少而导致特征向量语义表达不够准确、分类效果差的问题,本文提出一种基于特征语义扩展的数字文献分类方法。该方法首先利用TF-IDF方法获取对数字文献文本表示能力较强、具有较高TF-IDF值的核心特征词;其次分别借助知网(Hownet)语义词典以及开放知识库维基百科(Wikipedia)对核心特征词集进行语义概念的扩展,以构建维度较低、语义丰富的概念向量空间;最后采用MaxEnt、SVM等多种算法构造分类器实现对数字文献的自动分类。实验结果表明:相比传统基于特征选择的短文本分类方法,该方法能有效地实现对短文本特征的语义扩展,提高数字文献分类的分类性能。     

基于领域本体的竞争情报聚类分析研究

本文将聚类分析引入竞争情报分析之中,构建了基于领域本体的竞争情报聚类分析模型。该模型利用竞争情报领域本体指导文本语义分析和标注,抽取特征概念和概念间关系,实现语义层面的文本表示;针对传统的聚类分析算法无法进行深层次的聚类分析,设计了一种基于语义核函数的聚类分析算法进行挖掘分析,实现深层次的聚类分析。实验结果表明,该模型取得了很好的预期效果,显著提高了竞争情报分析的准确率和效率。     

一种基于“特征降维”文本复杂网络的特征提取方法

【目的/意义】本文构建一种“特征降维”文本复杂网络进行文本表示,解决传统词同现文本复杂网络处理海 量数据时的维数灾难与语义不足问题,再结合机器学习方法提升文本特征提取效果。【方法/过程】依据共现关系抽 取二级词条,再结合依存句法关系抽取三级词条,构建“特征降维”文本复杂网络,接着利用PCA算法和TOPSIS法 评价网络节点重要性提取反映文本主题的关键词作为文本特征词,实现文本特征提取。【结果/结论】本文以网络新 闻数据为实验对象。实验结果表明,特征降维文本复杂网络能较好地表示中文文本,并且在较好地保留了文本语 义信息的同时有效减少网络节点冗余,结合PCA算法的特征提取方法可以使文本分类性能提高。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.