基于Ontology的TBT文档搜索系统研究

针对我国出口产品对TBT预测预警系统的迫切需求,所需信息量急剧扩大,而目前搜索引擎存在着种种局限性,因此采用OWL语言创建了TBT领域本体库,设计了一个基于本体的搜索模型,来解决海量数据搜索问题,同时阐述了该模型的逻辑结构,以及各个模块的功能。     

面向技术性贸易壁垒的智能搜索Agent系统研究

针对我国出口产品技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)预警系统对准确、及时TBT信息的迫切需求,设计了基于Ontolo-gy技术的TBT智能搜索Agent系统,给出了系统的体系结构,介绍了系统主要模块的基本功能和实现的关键技术。该系统具有实时监控TBT相关网站更新的内容,准确下载动态变化的TBT有效信息,为预警Agent系统提供及时的共享数据。系统具有较强的适应性和可扩展性。     

基于ISM的电子信息产品TBT预警顶层本体分析

本文运用解释结构模型(Interpretative Structural Modeling,简称ISM)的方法,分析电子信息产品领域技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade,简称TBT)实施的主要影响因素,从中找出各因素之间的内在结构关系。根据各因素的重要程度,确定该领域的顶层本体因素,可以有效的解决目前电子信息产品领域顶层本体构建过程中主观性过强的问题,为下一步完善电子信息产品领域本体,建立更加可靠的基于本体的电子信息产品TBT预警信息搜集系统奠定了基础。     

基于本体的语义检索技术研究

提出一种基于本体的语义信息检索方法,并对领域本体知识库的构建、生成、存储,以及文本预处理、语义推理等关键技术进行了研究,最后通过具体实例,分析了Jena推理机在本体中的推理机制。     

基于语义Web和Jena插件的语义检索系统实验研究

语义检索是面向知识层面和语义关系的信息检索。本文利用语义Web及知识本体的相关标准和软件工具，介绍和分析了Jena插件的调用接口和处理机理，在此基础上开发了一个语义检索的实验系统，对该实验系统的总体结构、主要检索机制和处理界面进行了介绍。     

基于Jena的博物馆展品信息语义查询

文章介绍了Jena架构、Jena推理机已经自定义规则,并分析了博物馆展品信息中可能存在的语义特性:同义词、上位词和下位词,通过定义了自定义规则,使用SPARQL查询语言实现了对博物馆本体信息的推理和查询,从而使得用户获得潜在的博物馆展品信息,更加符合用户的需求。     

基于本体的国防产品情报搜索研究

针对情报人员在国防产品情报联合搜索中遇到的问题,提出一种基于国防产品情报本体的多信息整合的搜索方法。该方法采用信息抽取技术自动构建本体实例,运用本体对用户查询请求进行语义分析处理,同时实现了基于该方法的原型系统。     

基于本体智能搜索引擎的研究

分析了当前网上搜索引擎的现状及存在的问题,设计和实现了一个基于本体智能搜索引擎系统模型,讨论了该系统结构中各个功能模块的功能和相互之间的关系。利用本体规范用户查询语句的语义化、搜索信息的语义化,探讨了搜索引擎智能的相关技术以及它们在本体智能搜索引擎中的应用。     

基于本体的TBT文档检索系统研究

随着TBT预测预警系统对信息量需求的急剧增大,而目前通用检索系统检索出的文档信息与专业领域用户需要的准确信息存在着很大的差距,因此我们在目前研究成果的基础上,提出基于本体的TBT文档检索系统模型,并针对语义模型中本体库的构建、文档的语义向量的标引和抽取、相应语义相似度的计算等关键技术提出了新的改进方法,通过实例试验分析证明这种检索方法是有效的。     

基于模拟退火局部优化的万有引力搜索算法

为了有效地避免算法陷入局部最优解,使用模拟退火算法进行局部扩展搜索,进一步提高解的质量;有效提高万有引力搜索算法的搜索效率,最后通过仿真对比,得出结合模拟退火算法的万有引力搜索算法具有收敛速度快,精度高的特点这一结论。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.